Hepatitis B virus infection after immunization: How serious it is? An updated review.

IF 3.2 4区医学 Q2 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL

Clinical and Experimental Medicine Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI:10.1007/s10238-025-01645-8

Arezoo Marjani, Seyed Moayed Alavian, Mohssen Nassiri Toosi, Seyed Hoda Alavian, Mohammad Foad Abazari, Azam Khamseh, Seyed Mohammad Jazayeri

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Abstract

Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the significant challenges worldwide. Despite the availability of antiviral drugs against this virus, the most critical strategy to prevent HBV infection is HB vaccination. Basically, despite widespread conventional HB vaccination, due to various reasons, including waning of hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) titer after vaccination, the emergence of vaccine-escape mutants, failure to respond to the vaccine due to viral and host factors, levels of response in high-risk individuals and non-responders to conventional HB vaccination remains a major, unsolved and severe concern. This review focuses on the underlying reasons for conventional hepatitis B vaccination failures. It also suggests solutions to overcome these failures by highlighting significant advances in vaccination, including hepatitis B third-generation vaccines and adjuvanted hepatitis B vaccines as efficient alternatives to second-generation vaccines. Potentially, these new strategies will compensate for the shortcomings caused by second-generation vaccines. Adherence to these denouements has a significant role in preventing the circulation of HBV among individuals and reducing the global burden of HBV-related diseases.

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免疫后乙型肝炎病毒感染：有多严重？最新的评论。

乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染是世界范围内的重大挑战之一。尽管有针对这种病毒的抗病毒药物，但预防HBV感染的最关键策略是乙肝疫苗接种。基本上，尽管常规乙肝疫苗接种广泛，但由于各种原因，包括接种后乙型肝炎表面抗体（HBsAb）滴度下降、疫苗逃逸突变体的出现、病毒和宿主因素导致疫苗反应失败、高危人群的反应水平以及对常规乙肝疫苗接种无反应，仍然是一个主要的、未解决的和严重的问题。这篇综述的重点是传统乙型肝炎疫苗接种失败的潜在原因。报告还通过强调疫苗接种方面的重大进展，包括第三代乙肝疫苗和佐剂乙肝疫苗作为第二代疫苗的有效替代品，提出了克服这些失败的解决办法。这些新策略可能会弥补第二代疫苗造成的缺陷。坚持这些成果在预防HBV在个体之间的循环和减少HBV相关疾病的全球负担方面具有重要作用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Clinical and Experimental Medicine 医学-医学：研究与实验

CiteScore

4.80

自引率

2.20%

发文量

159

审稿时长

2.5 months

期刊介绍： Clinical and Experimental Medicine (CEM) is a multidisciplinary journal that aims to be a forum of scientific excellence and information exchange in relation to the basic and clinical features of the following fields: hematology, onco-hematology, oncology, virology, immunology, and rheumatology. The journal publishes reviews and editorials, experimental and preclinical studies, translational research, prospectively designed clinical trials, and epidemiological studies. Papers containing new clinical or experimental data that are likely to contribute to changes in clinical practice or the way in which a disease is thought about will be given priority due to their immediate importance. Case reports will be accepted on an exceptional basis only, and their submission is discouraged. The major criteria for publication are clarity, scientific soundness, and advances in knowledge. In compliance with the overwhelmingly prevailing request by the international scientific community, and with respect for eco-compatibility issues, CEM is now published exclusively online.