A Case of AIDS Diagnosed in the Intensive Care Unit with Concurrent Influenza Infection and Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia.

Abstract

Introduction: People living with HIV (PLWH) are highly susceptible to respiratory infections, particularly pneumonia, which is often polymicrobial. A rapid decline in CD4 T lymphocytes, especially with concurrent influenza, increases the risk of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP). Case Presentation: This report discusses a newly diagnosed Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) patient with influenza and PCP coinfection, highlighting diagnosis, follow-up, and prognosis. Conclusions: Community-acquired pneumonia is common in PLWH, especially among those not receiving antiretroviral therapies (ART). Co-infections with bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens are common. Early identification of etiological agents and prompt treatment are crucial for improving patient outcomes.