Prediction of cardiac autonomic dysfunction using heart rate response to deep breathing test among type 2 diabetes mellitus.

IF 2.8 3区 医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
Sohini Raje, G Arun Maiya, Padmakumar R, Mukund A Prabhu, Krishnananda Nayak, K N Shivashankara, B A Shastry, Megha Nataraj, Shreemathi S Mayya
{"title":"Prediction of cardiac autonomic dysfunction using heart rate response to deep breathing test among type 2 diabetes mellitus.","authors":"Sohini Raje, G Arun Maiya, Padmakumar R, Mukund A Prabhu, Krishnananda Nayak, K N Shivashankara, B A Shastry, Megha Nataraj, Shreemathi S Mayya","doi":"10.1186/s12902-025-01939-8","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is an underdiagnosed complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and a predictor of mortality and cardiovascular morbidity. Hence, CAN screening is essential. The objective of the study was to examine whether cardiac autonomic dysfunction can be predicted using the heart rate response to deep breathing test of cardiac autonomic reflex tests (CARTs) among type 2 diabetes mellitus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was a cross-sectional study of T2DM individuals between 40 and 65 years. Each participant underwent a heart rate (HR) response to deep breathing test (CARTs) as per standard guidelines. ANOVA F-test was used to check the difference between the CAN severity and the heart rate response to deep breathing parameters. A post-hoc (Tukey's) test was used to check which groups showed the difference.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty-four participants were screened, of which forty-one were included in the present study. The mean age of the participants was 58.8 ± 4.0 years. The Fisher's test showed a statistically significant difference between groups for the average deep breathing difference (F(3,27) = 16.09, p < 0.001) and the respiratory sinus arrhythmia index (F(3,27) = 7.35, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HR response to deep breathing can be used as a preliminary tool to screen CAN in T2DM to differentiate between normal and the other stages of CAN, which can then be followed by the gold standard tests. Further studies are required to establish HR response to deep breathing as a singular tool using regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Clinical trials registration: </strong>The study was registered prospectively in the Clinical Trials Registry- India (CTRI/2023/11/060077) on 21st November 2023.</p>","PeriodicalId":9152,"journal":{"name":"BMC Endocrine Disorders","volume":"25 1","pages":"117"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12023486/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"BMC Endocrine Disorders","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-025-01939-8","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is an underdiagnosed complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and a predictor of mortality and cardiovascular morbidity. Hence, CAN screening is essential. The objective of the study was to examine whether cardiac autonomic dysfunction can be predicted using the heart rate response to deep breathing test of cardiac autonomic reflex tests (CARTs) among type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study of T2DM individuals between 40 and 65 years. Each participant underwent a heart rate (HR) response to deep breathing test (CARTs) as per standard guidelines. ANOVA F-test was used to check the difference between the CAN severity and the heart rate response to deep breathing parameters. A post-hoc (Tukey's) test was used to check which groups showed the difference.

Results: Eighty-four participants were screened, of which forty-one were included in the present study. The mean age of the participants was 58.8 ± 4.0 years. The Fisher's test showed a statistically significant difference between groups for the average deep breathing difference (F(3,27) = 16.09, p < 0.001) and the respiratory sinus arrhythmia index (F(3,27) = 7.35, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: HR response to deep breathing can be used as a preliminary tool to screen CAN in T2DM to differentiate between normal and the other stages of CAN, which can then be followed by the gold standard tests. Further studies are required to establish HR response to deep breathing as a singular tool using regression analysis.

Clinical trials registration: The study was registered prospectively in the Clinical Trials Registry- India (CTRI/2023/11/060077) on 21st November 2023.

利用心率对深呼吸试验的反应预测2型糖尿病患者心脏自主神经功能障碍。
背景:心脏自主神经病变(CAN)是2型糖尿病(T2DM)的一种未被确诊的并发症,也是死亡率和心血管发病率的预测因子。因此,CAN筛查是必不可少的。本研究的目的是探讨2型糖尿病患者心脏自主神经功能障碍是否可以通过心脏自主神经反射试验(cart)对深呼吸试验的心率反应来预测。方法:该研究是一项40 - 65岁T2DM患者的横断面研究。每个参与者都按照标准指南进行了心率(HR)对深呼吸试验(cart)的反应。采用方差分析f检验检查CAN严重程度与心率对深呼吸参数的反应之间的差异。一个事后(Tukey’s)测试被用来检查哪些组表现出差异。结果:共筛选84名受试者,其中41名纳入本研究。参与者的平均年龄为58.8±4.0岁。Fisher’s检验显示,两组之间的平均深呼吸差异有统计学意义(F(3,27) = 16.09, p)。结论:深呼吸HR反应可作为筛选T2DM患者can的初步工具,以区分can的正常和其他阶段,随后可进行金标准试验。需要进一步的研究来建立HR对深呼吸的反应作为一个单一的工具使用回归分析。临床试验注册:该研究已于2023年11月21日在印度临床试验注册中心(CTRI/2023/11/060077)前瞻性注册。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
BMC Endocrine Disorders
BMC Endocrine Disorders ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM-
CiteScore
4.40
自引率
0.00%
发文量
280
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: BMC Endocrine Disorders is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that considers articles on all aspects of the prevention, diagnosis and management of endocrine disorders, as well as related molecular genetics, pathophysiology, and epidemiology.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信