Three-dimensional volumetric analysis of bone regeneration following jaw cyst enucleation with and without an autologous albumin gel-platelet-rich fibrin mixture (Alb-PRF): a randomized controlled clinical trial.

Abstract

Introduction: The presence of an osseous cavity after cyst enucleation is a clinical challenge that needs to be considered. Using pure autologous concentrations of platelets, platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), as a graft material after cyst removal has shown promising effects. However, PRF has limitations in terms of durability, as it usually resorbs within 10-14 days, thus Mourão et al. introduced a new technique for PRF preparation to obtain an albumin gel-platelet-rich fibrin mixture (Alb-PRF), a new autologous material, that can remain stable for 4-6 months with the ability to regenerate bone. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of Alb-PRF on bone regeneration after jaw cyst enucleation via 3-dimensional (3D) volumetric analysis.

Methods: Twenty participants, with jaw cysts, were split into two groups. The Alb-PRF group included 10 individuals treated by enucleation and Alb-PRF application, and the control group included 10 individuals treated conventionally by enucleation without any additives. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was conducted immediately following surgery (T1) and six months later (T2) to measure the volume of the residual bone cavity and the mean bone density of the regenerated bone using On-demand 3D viewer. Paired t test was used to compare the postoperative immediate results with the post-6-months results, whereas Student t test was used to compare the Alb-PRF group with the control group.

Results: At the 6-month follow-up, the volume of the residual bone cavity had declined and the bone density had increased significantly in both the Alb-PRF group and the control group (P₁ < 0.001) compared with the immediate postoperative values. Although the changes in volume and density were greater in the Alb-PRF group than in the control group, there was no a noticeable difference between the two groups. (P = 0.821) and (P = 0.533), respectively.

Conclusion: There was no difference in bone regeneration between Alb-PRF and conventional blood clots after jaw cyst enucleation.

Trial registration: The trial was retrospectively registered at the Clinicaltrial.gov registry (Registration ID #NCT05658900). It was first submitted on 12/12/2022 and first posted on 21/12/2022.