Carcinogenic Industrial Air Emissions and Lung Cancer Risk in a Cohort of 440,000 Americans.

IF 19.3 1区医学 Q1 CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine Pub Date : 2025-04-30

Jessica M Madrigal, Jared A Fisher, Caroline N Pruitt, Linda M Liao, Barry I Graubard, Mary H Ward, Debra T Silverman, Rena R Jones

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Rationale: Industrial facilities emit known lung carcinogens into air, but the association of these agents with lung cancer risk at environmental levels is unknown.

Objectives: To investigate industrial emissions and lung cancer risk.

Methods: We used a U.S. regulatory database to estimate airborne exposure to known and probable human carcinogens (N=31) emitted from industrial sources (1987-1995) for 442,986 participants in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. We estimated inverse distance- and wind-weighted average exposures within 1, 2, 5, and 10km of the enrollment residence. Using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for smoking and other confounders, we evaluated lung cancer risk overall and by major histologic subtype (adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma) for levels (tertiles, medians) of exposure to each agent.

Measurements and main results: Among agents with prior evidence of lung carcinogenicity, overall risk was elevated for cobalt (5km-HR_T3=1.19, CI=1.10-1.29; p-trend=<0.0001; 10km-HR_T3=1.15, CI=1.09-1.21; p-trend=<0.0001) and beryllium (5km-HR_T3=1.20, 95%CI=0.94-1.55; p-trend=0.15; 10km-HR_T3=1.15, 95%CI=1.01-1.31; p-trend=0.02). We also observed associations with benzene and nickel. For agents without prior evidence, styrene was associated with risk at 1km (HR_T3=1.22, 95%CI=1.00-1.48; p-trend=0.03). Diethyl sulfate, chromium, and lead were also associated with risk. Associations for cobalt, benzene, nickel, and diethyl sulfate were most apparent for squamous cell carcinoma.

Conclusions: Our novel findings show that relatively high air emissions of numerous carcinogenic industrial agents near the home were associated with lung cancer risk unexplained by smoking. These and the stronger associations for squamous cell carcinoma highlight the potential role of industrial exposures in lung cancer development.

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44万美国人的致癌工业废气排放与肺癌风险

理由：工业设施向空气中排放已知的肺癌致癌物，但在环境水平上，这些致癌物与肺癌风险的关系尚不清楚。目的：探讨工业废气排放与肺癌发病的关系。方法：我们使用美国监管数据库来估计442,986名参与NIH-AARP饮食与健康研究的参与者在1987-1995年期间暴露于工业源排放的已知和可能的人类致癌物（N=31）。我们估计了距离和风加权的逆平均暴露在1、2、5和10公里的登记住所。使用校正吸烟和其他混杂因素的Cox比例风险模型，我们评估了肺癌的总体风险和主要组织学亚型（腺癌、鳞状细胞癌、小细胞癌）暴露于每种物质的水平（中位数、中位数）。测量结果和主要结果：在先前有肺癌证据的药物中，钴的总体风险升高(5km-HRT3=1.19， CI=1.10-1.29；p-trend = T3 = 1.15, CI = 1.09 - -1.21;p-trend = T3 = 1.20, 95% ci = 0.94 - -1.55;p-trend = 0.15;10 km-hrt3 = 1.15, 95% ci = 1.01 - -1.31;p-trend = 0.02)。我们还观察到与苯和镍的关联。对于没有先前证据的药剂，苯乙烯与1km处的风险相关(HRT3=1.22, 95%CI=1.00-1.48；p-trend = 0.03)。硫酸二乙酯、铬和铅也与风险有关。钴、苯、镍和硫酸二乙酯的相关性在鳞状细胞癌中最为明显。结论：我们的新发现表明，家庭附近大量致癌工业物质的相对较高的空气排放与吸烟无法解释的肺癌风险有关。这些和鳞状细胞癌的更强关联突出了工业暴露在肺癌发展中的潜在作用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 医学-呼吸系统

CiteScore

27.30

自引率

4.50%

发文量

1313

审稿时长

3-6 weeks

期刊介绍： The American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine focuses on human biology and disease, as well as animal studies that contribute to the understanding of pathophysiology and treatment of diseases that affect the respiratory system and critically ill patients. Papers that are solely or predominantly based in cell and molecular biology are published in the companion journal, the American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology. The Journal also seeks to publish clinical trials and outstanding review articles on areas of interest in several forms. The State-of-the-Art review is a treatise usually covering a broad field that brings bench research to the bedside. Shorter reviews are published as Critical Care Perspectives or Pulmonary Perspectives. These are generally focused on a more limited area and advance a concerted opinion about care for a specific process. Concise Clinical Reviews provide an evidence-based synthesis of the literature pertaining to topics of fundamental importance to the practice of pulmonary, critical care, and sleep medicine. Images providing advances or unusual contributions to the field are published as Images in Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine and the Sciences. A recent trend and future direction of the Journal has been to include debates of a topical nature on issues of importance in pulmonary and critical care medicine and to the membership of the American Thoracic Society. Other recent changes have included encompassing works from the field of critical care medicine and the extension of the editorial governing of journal policy to colleagues outside of the United States of America. The focus and direction of the Journal is to establish an international forum for state-of-the-art respiratory and critical care medicine.