{"title":"A comprehensive review of green approaches to drug solubility enhancement.","authors":"B S Mahesha, F R Sheeba, H K Deepak","doi":"10.1080/03639045.2025.2496940","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review explores green approaches to enhance poorly water-soluble drug solubility. Implementing sustainable and green techniques, it provides a comprehensive overview of advancements and applications in drug development.</p><p><strong>Significance of review: </strong>Drug solubility is a key challenge in pharmaceutical research, affecting bioavailability and efficacy. Conventional methods often rely on hazardous solvents and energy-intensive processes, posing environmental and safety concerns. This review emphasizes green chemistry principles as sustainable alternatives to enhance solubility while supporting global sustainability goals.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>Natural and biodegradable polymers in solid dispersions offer effective, eco-friendly solubility enhancement. The application of supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> demonstrates significant potential as a green solvent for solubility enhancement, offering scalability while minimizing environmental impact. Plant-derived and renewable excipients offer a sustainable alternative to synthetic additives.</p><p><strong>Summary of challenges: </strong>Natural polymers face formulation, solubility, and batch variability issues. Deep eutectic solvents and ionic liquids face stability, regulatory hurdles, toxicity risks, and hygroscopicity. Supercritical fluid technology requires costly equipment and precise optimization. Green co-crystallization faces co-former selection, scalability, and stability issues. Further refinement, safety validation, and industrial feasibility studies are needed.</p><p><strong>Potential drawbacks of green approaches: </strong>Green solubility enhancement methods face scalability, regulatory, and cost challenges. Some offer limited solubility gains and stability issues. Ensuring cost-effectiveness, industrial viability, and compliance is key for broader adoption.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Green solubility enhancement offers a sustainable solution to drug solubility challenges. Integrating these methods improves efficiency, safety, and environmental impact. This review highlights the need for further research and the adoption of sustainable drug delivery approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":11263,"journal":{"name":"Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":"659-669"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03639045.2025.2496940","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/4/27 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Objective: This review explores green approaches to enhance poorly water-soluble drug solubility. Implementing sustainable and green techniques, it provides a comprehensive overview of advancements and applications in drug development.
Significance of review: Drug solubility is a key challenge in pharmaceutical research, affecting bioavailability and efficacy. Conventional methods often rely on hazardous solvents and energy-intensive processes, posing environmental and safety concerns. This review emphasizes green chemistry principles as sustainable alternatives to enhance solubility while supporting global sustainability goals.
Key findings: Natural and biodegradable polymers in solid dispersions offer effective, eco-friendly solubility enhancement. The application of supercritical CO2 demonstrates significant potential as a green solvent for solubility enhancement, offering scalability while minimizing environmental impact. Plant-derived and renewable excipients offer a sustainable alternative to synthetic additives.
Summary of challenges: Natural polymers face formulation, solubility, and batch variability issues. Deep eutectic solvents and ionic liquids face stability, regulatory hurdles, toxicity risks, and hygroscopicity. Supercritical fluid technology requires costly equipment and precise optimization. Green co-crystallization faces co-former selection, scalability, and stability issues. Further refinement, safety validation, and industrial feasibility studies are needed.
Potential drawbacks of green approaches: Green solubility enhancement methods face scalability, regulatory, and cost challenges. Some offer limited solubility gains and stability issues. Ensuring cost-effectiveness, industrial viability, and compliance is key for broader adoption.
Conclusion: Green solubility enhancement offers a sustainable solution to drug solubility challenges. Integrating these methods improves efficiency, safety, and environmental impact. This review highlights the need for further research and the adoption of sustainable drug delivery approaches.
期刊介绍：
The aim of Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy is to publish novel, original, peer-reviewed research manuscripts within relevant topics and research methods related to pharmaceutical research and development, and industrial pharmacy. Research papers must be hypothesis driven and emphasize innovative breakthrough topics in pharmaceutics and drug delivery. The journal will also consider timely critical review papers.
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