Holly A Hoag, Monique Raymond, Jonah M Ulmer, Szabina Schwéger, Thomas van de Kamp, Elias Hamann, Marcus Zuber, John H Werren, Grace Gaucher, Missy Hazen, István Mikó
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Nasonia is an emerging model system for investigating the evolution of complex species-specific behavioral and morphological phenotypes. For example, the male head shape differs considerably between Nasonia Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) species. In addition, differences in courtship behaviors, and possibly influences of a male-specific aphrodisiac pheromone, contribute to interspecific prezygotic isolation. However, the possible relationships between courtship, pheromone signaling, and male head shape are unknown. Using multimodal imaging techniques, we conducted a comprehensive examination of the skeletomuscular and exocrine gland systems of the lower head region of all 4 Nasonia species and their sister genus Trichomalopsis Crawford (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). This analysis reveals the presence of 3 undescribed exocrine glands in the lower head region and a unique mandibular modification, the basal mandibular carina, that might be involved in pheromone spread. We performed morphometric and volumetric analyses using 3D datasets from synchrotron X-ray microtomography and found that the size of the genomandibular gland and the corresponding basal mandibular carina correlates with both interspecific courtship length and head shape differences, indicating that this gland is a likely source of the oral aphrodisiac pheromone. These differences correlate with the prevalence of within-host mating rather than phylogenetic relatedness in Nasonia species, with increased within-host mating occurring in species with larger genomandibular glands. Our findings create an opportunity to better understand the complex gene regulatory networks underlying superficially unrelated traits and serve as a link between behavior, chemical ecology, evo-devo, and descriptive taxonomy.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Insect Science was founded with support from the University of Arizona library in 2001 by Dr. Henry Hagedorn, who served as editor-in-chief until his death in January 2014. The Entomological Society of America was very pleased to add the Journal of Insect Science to its publishing portfolio in 2014. The fully open access journal publishes papers in all aspects of the biology of insects and other arthropods from the molecular to the ecological, and their agricultural and medical impact.