Unveiling the Unexpected-Role of Unique Pathogens in Necrotizing Cavitary Pneumonia of Sickle Cell Disease: A Case Report.

Abstract

Sickle cell disease (SCD), prevalent in African Americans, is associated with numerous complications, including infections and pulmonary manifestations. Necrotizing cavitary pneumonia, a rare but severe complication, poses significant diagnostic challenges in patients with SCD. We report a 27-year-old male with SCD and history of pulmonary infarction from pulmonary embolism who presented with bilateral wrist pain, cough, and chest pain and was found to have necrotizing cavitary pneumonia. Initial imaging revealed significant right upper lobe cavitary consolidation. Despite negative sputum cultures, blood cultures identified Staphylococcus epidermidis and Granulicatella, atypical pathogens in pneumonia cases. Pain crisis treatment and treatment with antibiotics for pneumonia displayed significant improvement in symptoms. Our case highlights the necessity of considering unusual pathogens in SCD patients presenting with pneumonia, particularly those with prior pulmonary complications. Infections remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in SCD, underscoring the importance of rapid diagnosis and tailored management. Vigilant monitoring of cavitary lesions and prompt recognition of atypical pathogens can mitigate risks of severe pulmonary complications and improve patient outcomes. Additional research is required to delineate the epidemiology of rare infections in SCD and establish effective treatment protocols.