Geometric Morphometric Analysis of Sexual Dimorphism in the Bill of the White Stork (Ciconia ciconia).

IF 2.7 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animals Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI:10.3390/ani15091312

Ebuderda Günay, Tomasz Szara, Buket Çakar, Emine İrem Deveci, Ali Serhan Coşkun, Gökhan Gün, Funda Yiğit, Ozan Gündemir, Sokol Duro, Mihaela Claudia Spataru

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Sexual dimorphism in bill morphology influences foraging strategies and bird competitive interactions. This study uses geometric morphometric analyses to examine sex-based differences in the bill shape and size of Ciconia ciconia, a large wading bird. Standardized dorsal and lateral photographs of 45 white storks (24 females and 21 males) were analyzed. The mean centroid size (CS) confirmed that males have significantly larger bills than females, yet principal component analysis revealed no reliable shape-based sex differentiation. Allometric analyses indicated that larger individuals exhibit more pronounced shape variations, likely tied to functional adaptations, though these were insufficient for sex determination. While bill size correlates with sex, shape variation does not serve as a reliable criterion for sexing C. ciconia. This study contributes to the understanding of sexual dimorphism in Ciconia ciconia by quantifying bill size differences using geometric morphometrics.

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白鹳喙性别二态性的几何形态计量学分析。

喙形态的两性二态性影响觅食策略和鸟类的竞争相互作用。本研究使用几何形态计量学分析来研究大型涉禽Ciconia Ciconia的喙形和大小的性别差异。对45只白鹳（24只雌性和21只雄性）的标准化背侧照片进行了分析。平均质心大小（CS）证实雄性的喙明显大于雌性，但主成分分析显示没有可靠的基于形状的性别区分。异速测量分析表明，体型较大的个体表现出更明显的形状变化，这可能与功能适应有关，尽管这些不足以决定性别。虽然喙的大小与性别有关，但形状的变化并不能作为确定冠状灰蚁性别的可靠标准。本研究利用几何形态计量学量化了雌雄同体的喙大小差异，有助于理解雌雄同体。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Animals Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Animal Science and Zoology

CiteScore

4.90

自引率

16.70%

发文量

3015

审稿时长

20.52 days

期刊介绍： Animals (ISSN 2076-2615) is an international and interdisciplinary scholarly open access journal. It publishes original research articles, reviews, communications, and short notes that are relevant to any field of study that involves animals, including zoology, ethnozoology, animal science, animal ethics and animal welfare. However, preference will be given to those articles that provide an understanding of animals within a larger context (i.e., the animals'' interactions with the outside world, including humans). There is no restriction on the length of the papers. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical research in as much detail as possible. Full experimental details and/or method of study, must be provided for research articles. Articles submitted that involve subjecting animals to unnecessary pain or suffering will not be accepted, and all articles must be submitted with the necessary ethical approval (please refer to the Ethical Guidelines for more information).