Ras-proximate-1 (RAP1): a prognosis and therapeutic target in the metastatic spread of breast cancer.

IF 4.2 3区 医学 Q2 ONCOLOGY
Hongyi Liang, Guoliang Yin, Dandan Feng, Guangxi Shi, Hanhan Chen, Xiaofei Liu, Jingwei Li
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Abstract

Breast cancer (BC), a highly heterogeneous disease, has demonstrated a gradual increase in both incidence and mortality rates. At present, it has become one of the most common malignant tumors and the main cause of cancer death worldwide. While early screening is recognized as an effective preventive and therapeutic measure for BC, the disease continues to exhibit a high rate of metastasis. Metastatic BC is still the main cause of poor prognosis and death of patients, necessitating urgent investigation and resolution. Among the various metastatic sites of BC, bone metastases warrant particular attention due to their prevalence. In numerous studies on BC bone metastasis mechanisms, cancer markers have been shown to significantly influence the pattern and extent of BC metastasis and dissemination. In the tumor microenvironment, Ras-proximate-1 (RAP1), a GTPase protein, is not only upregulated in various malignant tumors and bone-related diseases, including BC, but also regulates migration, invasion, distant metastasis, and other signaling pathways in numerous malignant tumor cells, including BC as well. Despite these findings, there remains a paucity of advanced research and discussion on the relationship between RAP1 and BC bone metastasis. Furthermore, no clinically approved RAP1-related inhibitors for BC bone metastasis are currently available. Nevertheless, RAP1 and its associated signaling molecules represent potential molecular targets for the prevention and treatment of BC bone metastasis, warranting further investigation. Therefore, this article provides a comprehensive review of RAP1's pathogenic role in BC bone metastasis, emphasizes RAP1 and its associated signaling pathways, and summarizes current research on natural compounds and extracts that modulate BC bone metastasis via RAP1 or RAP1-related signaling pathways. This review aims to offer novel perspectives for developing RAP1 as a potential molecular target in the prevention and treatment of BC bone metastasis, as well as for the development of related therapeutic agents.

Ras-proximate-1 (RAP1):乳腺癌转移扩散的预后和治疗靶点
乳腺癌(BC)是一种高度异质性的疾病,其发病率和死亡率均呈逐渐上升趋势。目前,它已成为世界范围内最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,也是癌症死亡的主要原因。虽然早期筛查被认为是一种有效的预防和治疗BC的措施,但该疾病仍然表现出高转移率。转移性BC仍然是患者预后不良和死亡的主要原因,需要紧急调查和解决。在各种转移部位的BC,骨转移值得特别注意,因为他们的患病率。在大量关于BC骨转移机制的研究中,癌症标志物已被证明显著影响BC转移和传播的模式和程度。在肿瘤微环境中,GTPase蛋白ras - proximated -1 (RAP1)不仅在包括BC在内的多种恶性肿瘤和骨相关疾病中表达上调,而且在包括BC在内的多种恶性肿瘤细胞中调控迁移、侵袭、远处转移等信号通路。尽管有这些发现,RAP1与BC骨转移之间的关系仍然缺乏深入的研究和讨论。此外,目前还没有临床批准的用于治疗BC骨转移的rap1相关抑制剂。然而,RAP1及其相关信号分子代表了预防和治疗BC骨转移的潜在分子靶点,值得进一步研究。因此,本文就RAP1在BC骨转移中的致病作用进行综述,重点介绍RAP1及其相关信号通路,并对通过RAP1或RAP1相关信号通路调节BC骨转移的天然化合物和提取物的研究现状进行综述。本文旨在为RAP1作为潜在的分子靶点在BC骨转移的预防和治疗以及相关治疗药物的开发提供新的视角。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.80
自引率
5.00%
发文量
55
审稿时长
12 months
期刊介绍: The Journal''s scope encompasses all aspects of metastasis research, whether laboratory-based, experimental or clinical and therapeutic. It covers such areas as molecular biology, pharmacology, tumor biology, and clinical cancer treatment (with all its subdivisions of surgery, chemotherapy and radio-therapy as well as pathology and epidemiology) insofar as these disciplines are concerned with the Journal''s core subject of metastasis formation, prevention and treatment.
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