A retrospective outpatient department-based study of the pattern of first-visit pediatric neurosurgical disorders: a 6-year single-center experience in Ghana.

Abstract

Purpose: In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on studying neurosurgical diseases and access to care in LMICs. This study aims to analyze the pattern of pediatric neurosurgical disorders in our outpatient department, highlighting common conditions and patient demographics.

Methods: In this retrospective outpatient department (OPD) based study, pediatric patients with neurosurgical diagnoses between 2017 and 2023 were reviewed to characterize demographics and spectrum of disorders. Descriptive statistics were employed to summarize the data.

Results: A total of 836 patients were included in the study, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1. The median age was 2.0 years (range, 0.4-8.9 years). Hydrocephalus was the most common disorder, accounting for 41.0% (343/836) of cases. Other congenital anomalies (18.2%), spine disorders/deformities (10.3%), and CNS tumors (10.2%) were also prevalent. Other congenital conditions included spina bifida (11.9%) and encephalocele (5.7%). Scoliosis was the most frequent spine disorder, accounting for 61.6% (53/86) of spine cases, followed by Potts disease (18.6%). For patients with location data, 68.4% (270/408) were from the Greater Accra Region, followed by 13.9% (57/408) from the Eastern region. The median travel distance was 167.4 km (interquartile range, 225-122).

Conclusion: Our institute manages varying pediatric neurosurgical disorders primarily consisting of hydrocephalus. The results suggest specific disease priorities for the pediatric population that we care for and serve as a guide for future clinical efforts.