Exosomal Biomarkers: A Comprehensive Overview of Diagnostic and Prognostic Applications in Malignant and Non-Malignant Disorders.

IF 4.8 2区生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Biomolecules Pub Date : 2025-04-15 DOI:10.3390/biom15040587

Mahda Delshad, Mohammad-Javad Sanaei, Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi, Amir Sadeghi, Davood Bashash

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Abstract

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles, ranging from 30 to 150 nm, that are essential in cell biology, mediating intercellular communication and serving as biomarkers due to their origin from cells. Exosomes as biomarkers for diagnosing various illnesses have gained significant investigation due to the high cost and invasive nature of current diagnostic procedures. Exosomes have a clear advantage in the diagnosis of diseases because they include certain signals that are indicative of the genetic and proteomic profile of the ailment. This feature gives them the potential to be useful liquid biopsies for real-time, noninvasive monitoring, enabling early cancer identification for the creation of individualized treatment plans. According to our analysis, the trend toward utilizing exosomes as diagnostic and prognostic tools has raised since 2012. In this regard, the proportion of malignant indications is higher compared with non-malignant ones. To be precise, exosomes have been used the most in gastrointestinal, thoracic, and urogenital cancers, along with cardiovascular, diabetic, breathing, infectious, and brain disorders. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first research to examine all registered clinical trials that look at exosomes as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker.

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外泌体生物标志物：恶性和非恶性疾病诊断和预后应用的综合概述。

外泌体是细胞外的小囊泡，直径在30 ~ 150nm之间，在细胞生物学中是必不可少的，介导细胞间的通讯，并因其起源于细胞而作为生物标志物。由于当前诊断程序的高成本和侵入性，外泌体作为诊断各种疾病的生物标志物已经获得了重要的研究。外泌体在疾病诊断中具有明显的优势，因为它们包含指示疾病遗传和蛋白质组谱的某些信号。这一特性使它们有可能成为有用的液体活检，用于实时、无创监测，从而实现早期癌症识别，从而制定个性化的治疗计划。根据我们的分析，自2012年以来，利用外泌体作为诊断和预后工具的趋势有所上升。在这方面，恶性指征的比例高于非恶性指征。准确地说，外泌体在胃肠道、胸部和泌尿生殖系统癌症以及心血管、糖尿病、呼吸、感染性和脑部疾病中应用最多。据我们所知，这是第一个对所有注册的临床试验进行检查的研究，这些试验将外泌体作为诊断和预后的生物标志物。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Biomolecules Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Molecular Biology

CiteScore

9.40

自引率

3.60%

发文量

1640

审稿时长

18.28 days

期刊介绍： Biomolecules (ISSN 2218-273X) is an international, peer-reviewed open access journal focusing on biogenic substances and their biological functions, structures, interactions with other molecules, and their microenvironment as well as biological systems. Biomolecules publishes reviews, regular research papers and short communications. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced.