Estimation of genetic parameters and genome-wide association study for carcass traits in native chickens.

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Bioscience Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-04 DOI:10.5713/ab.25.0070

Xianghua Zhu, Houxue Cui, Nanxi Dong, Lu Liu

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective: Global consumption for chicken meat is steadily increasing. Carcass traits (e.g., slaughter weight [SW], eviscerated weight [EW]) are important economic traits for the meat production in chickens. Detection of genetic variants for these traits contributes to elucidating the genetic mechanism and accelerating genetic improvement.

Methods: In this study, we performed a genome-wide association study on SW, EW, and thigh muscle weight (ThW), as well as the relative weight of these traits in 565 Sanhuang (SH) chickens. Additionally, genetic estimation has been conducted based on wholegenome variants for carcass traits. Finally, we compared the expression abundance of candidate genes to validate the function on carcass traits.

Results: Except the percentage of SW (SP, 0.08), other traits were detected with moderate to high heritability (0.20-0.50). A high genetic correlation (0.72-0.93) was found among the carcass traits (SW, EW, and ThW). A total of 311 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and 73 candidate genes (e.g., IGF2BP1, BMP3, ACSL5) were identified significant association with carcass traits. IGF2BP1 was detected a causal role in EW and ThW, GIP, SNF8, and PHOSPHO1 were also located within the same genomic peak. CCND2 was related to SP and significantly expressed in commercial broilers and SH chickens. Lipid metabolism and immune function were simultaneously altered as a result of the selection for carcass traits. The genes ACSL5 and RASGEF1B were also significantly up-regulated in breast muscle in commercial broilers compared to SH chickens. Additionally, the transcriptomic profile of 73 candidate genes was constructed in multi-tissues, and a total of 17 genes (e.g., IGF2BP1, RASGEF1B, BMP3) were defined as differentially expressed genes between commercial broilers and SH chickens.

Conclusion: In general, the findings in this study could facilitate the understandings of genetic mechanisms of carcass traits in chickens, and provide important variants and genes set for genomic breeding.

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土鸡胴体性状遗传参数估计及全基因组关联研究。

目的：全球鸡肉消费量稳步增长。胴体性状（如屠宰重、净膛重）是肉鸡生产的重要经济性状。检测这些性状的遗传变异有助于阐明遗传机制，加快遗传改良。方法：本研究对565只三黄鸡的屠宰重（SW）、全膛重（EW）和大腿肌重（ThW）以及这些性状的相对重量进行了全基因组关联研究。此外，还对胴体性状进行了基于全基因组变异的遗传估计。最后，我们比较了候选基因的表达丰度，以验证其对胴体性状的作用。结果：除SW遗传率（SP, 0.08）外，其余性状均有中高遗传率（0.20~0.50）。胴体性状（SW、EW、ThW）的遗传相关为0.72~0.93。共鉴定出311个snp和73个候选基因（如IGF2BP1、BMP3、ACSL5）与胴体性状显著相关。IGF2BP1在全膛体重和大腿肌肉重量中起因果作用，GIP、SNF8和PHOSPHO1也位于同一基因组峰内。CCND2与SP相关，在商品肉鸡和SH肉鸡中显著表达。由于对胴体性状的选择，脂质代谢和免疫功能同时发生改变。与SH鸡相比，商业肉鸡胸肌中ACSL5和RASGEF1B基因也显著上调。此外，在多组织中构建了73个候选基因的转录组学图谱，确定了17个基因（如IGF2BP1、RASGEF1B、BMP3）为商品肉鸡与SH肉鸡之间的差异表达基因。结论：本研究结果有助于进一步了解鸡胴体性状的遗传机制，为基因组育种提供重要的变异和基因集。

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