{"title":"Can urticaria images found on the internet be a source of health information?","authors":"Merve Erkoç, Makbule Seda Bayrak Durmaz","doi":"10.15586/aei.v53i3.1351","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In parallel with technological developments, patients increasingly benefit from information and communication technologies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim was to evaluate urticaria images that are available on the internet in two different languages.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The terms \"urticaria\" and \"ürtiker\" were used as search terms on Google Images. One hundred images were saved for each term, and each image was opened via its link. Two specialists in immunology and allergy jointly assessed the uploader information, pixel resolution, characteristics of the urticarial lesions, and image quality of the photos.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 178 images were included, with 87 from the \"urticaria\" search term and 91 from the \"ürtiker\" search term-71.3% images had isolated urticaria, 1.7% had isolated angioedema, 0.6% had both urticaria and angioedema, and 26.4% had neither urticaria nor angioedema; 131 photographs depicting urticaria and/or angioedema were analyzed. The majority of urticarial plaques were erythematous (84%), with extremities (32.1%) being the most commonly affected area. Images in the preview on Google Images appeared more blurred and of lower resolution than the images after opening the link (n:99 vs. n:26, p < 0.001 and n:55 vs. n:10, p < 0.001, respectively). The quality of the images was found to be better after opening the link compared to the preview (n:34 vs. n:107; p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study found that approximately one-quarter of urticaria images on Google Images did not match true urticarial lesions and were of suboptimal quality in both Turkish and universally accessible English.</p>","PeriodicalId":7536,"journal":{"name":"Allergologia et immunopathologia","volume":"53 3","pages":"80-87"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Allergologia et immunopathologia","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.15586/aei.v53i3.1351","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ALLERGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: In parallel with technological developments, patients increasingly benefit from information and communication technologies.
Objective: The aim was to evaluate urticaria images that are available on the internet in two different languages.
Materials and methods: The terms "urticaria" and "ürtiker" were used as search terms on Google Images. One hundred images were saved for each term, and each image was opened via its link. Two specialists in immunology and allergy jointly assessed the uploader information, pixel resolution, characteristics of the urticarial lesions, and image quality of the photos.
Results: A total of 178 images were included, with 87 from the "urticaria" search term and 91 from the "ürtiker" search term-71.3% images had isolated urticaria, 1.7% had isolated angioedema, 0.6% had both urticaria and angioedema, and 26.4% had neither urticaria nor angioedema; 131 photographs depicting urticaria and/or angioedema were analyzed. The majority of urticarial plaques were erythematous (84%), with extremities (32.1%) being the most commonly affected area. Images in the preview on Google Images appeared more blurred and of lower resolution than the images after opening the link (n:99 vs. n:26, p < 0.001 and n:55 vs. n:10, p < 0.001, respectively). The quality of the images was found to be better after opening the link compared to the preview (n:34 vs. n:107; p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Our study found that approximately one-quarter of urticaria images on Google Images did not match true urticarial lesions and were of suboptimal quality in both Turkish and universally accessible English.
背景：随着技术的发展，患者越来越多地受益于信息和通信技术。目的：目的是评估在互联网上可获得的两种不同语言的荨麻疹图像。材料和方法：在谷歌Images上使用“荨麻疹”和“ rtiker”作为搜索词。每个学期保存了100张图片，每张图片都通过链接打开。两位免疫学和过敏学专家共同评估了上传者信息、像素分辨率、荨麻疹病变特征和照片的图像质量。结果：共纳入178张图像，其中87张来自“荨麻疹”搜索词，91张来自“ rtiker”搜索词，其中71.3%的图像为孤立性荨麻疹，1.7%为孤立性血管性水肿，0.6%为荨麻疹和血管性水肿，26.4%既没有荨麻疹也没有血管性水肿；分析了131张荨麻疹和/或血管性水肿的照片。大多数荨麻疹斑块为红斑（84%），四肢（32.1%）是最常见的受累部位。谷歌Images上预览的图像比打开链接后的图像更模糊，分辨率更低（n:99 vs. n:26, p < 0.001; n:55 vs. n:10, p < 0.001）。与预览相比，打开链接后的图像质量更好(n:34 vs. n:107；P < 0.001)。结论：我们的研究发现，谷歌图像上大约四分之一的荨麻疹图像与真实的荨麻疹病变不匹配，并且在土耳其语和普遍可访问的英语中质量都不理想。
期刊介绍：
Founded in 1972 by Professor A. Oehling, Allergologia et Immunopathologia is a forum for those working in the field of pediatric asthma, allergy and immunology. Manuscripts related to clinical, epidemiological and experimental allergy and immunopathology related to childhood will be considered for publication. Allergologia et Immunopathologia is the official journal of the Spanish Society of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology (SEICAP) and also of the Latin American Society of Immunodeficiencies (LASID). It has and independent international Editorial Committee which submits received papers for peer-reviewing by international experts. The journal accepts original and review articles from all over the world, together with consensus statements from the aforementioned societies. Occasionally, the opinion of an expert on a burning topic is published in the "Point of View" section. Letters to the Editor on previously published papers are welcomed. Allergologia et Immunopathologia publishes 6 issues per year and is included in the major databases such as Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, etc.
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