Enhanced electrochemical detection of acetaminophen using CoNi-LDH-based sensor with ultra-wide linear range and superior performance.

Abstract

Electrochemical sensors for acetaminophen (AP) determination often face limitations in linear range, rarely achieving millimolar levels. This work synthesized CoNi-LDH (cobalt-nickel layered double hydroxide) via a simple hydrothermal method. By optimizing the Co/Ni ratio, the sensor based on CoNi-LDH-1 demonstrates efficient AP detection with an ultra-wide linear range spanning from 5 μM to 5 mM, enabling versatile AP monitoring in diverse samples. Furthermore, the sensor also exhibits exceptional stability, reproducibility, and selectivity. Notably, it successfully quantified AP in real-world samples (tap water and urine) while maintaining a wide linear range. The superior performance of the sensor stems from CoNi-LDH-1's unique spiky sphere morphology, abundant active sites, enhanced electron transport capability, and the synergistic effect between Co and Ni components. This work provides valuable insights for expanding the linear range of electrochemical sensors, advancing their application in analytical chemistry.