Morphometrical and Molecular Identification of Echinococcus granulosus Genotypes in peri-urban wild dogs from an endemic focus in Northwest of Iran.

Abstract

Echinococcus granulosus is a zoonotic parasite responsible for causing cystic echinococcosis in humans and animals. Cystic echinococcosis is recognized as a major public health problem in Iran, with numerous endemic areas spread throughout the country. Wild dogs (Canis familiaris) have been identified as the primary definitive hosts for E.granulosus and are known to play a vital role in the transmission and sustainability of the parasite's life cycle. Understanding the genetic diversity and distribution of E.granulosus genotypes in these wild dogs is important for effective control and prevention strategies. Between 2019 and 2022, a total of 68 peri-urban wild dogs, consisting of 47 males and 21 females, were captured, with unfortunate deaths due to car accidents or disease. Morphological and molecular investigation was performed to determine the presence of E. granulosus. The identification of E. granulosus genotypes was carried out by partial sequencing the COX1 and NADH1 genes. Of the 68 peri-urban wild dogs examined, 8 (11.7%) were positive for E. granulosus by morphological and molecular analysis. By performing PCR it was determined that the peri-urban wild dogs infected with E. granulosus carried the sheep strain (G1) genotype. This study successfully identified the presence of E. granulosus in peri-urban wild dogs, specifically with the G1 genotype. This finding highlights the potential risk that these dogs pose as carriers of this zoonotic parasite, which can be transmitted to humans and other animals. Further research and surveillance are essential to better understand the epidemiology of E. granulosus and to develop effective strategies for its control and eradication.