Diabetes Mellitus and Associated Vascular Disease: Pathogenesis, Complications, and Evolving Treatments

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q2 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL

Advances in Therapy Pub Date : 2025-04-19 DOI:10.1007/s12325-025-03185-9

Kazi Islam, Rahib Islam, Ivan Nguyen, Hassan Malik, Humza Pirzadah, Barsha Shrestha, Isabella B. Lentz, Sahar Shekoohi, Alan D. Kaye

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Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder, characterized by elevated blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia) and insulin dysregulation. This disease is associated with morbidity and mortality, including significant potential vascular complications. High levels of hyperglycemia lead to not only elevated levels of reactive oxygen species but also advanced glycation end products, which are detrimental to the vascular endothelium and reduce protective compounds such as nitric oxide and prostacyclin. This damage contributes to the development of both macrovascular and microvascular complications. The present investigation explores the pathophysiological mechanisms of diabetic vascular complications and evaluates current management strategies, including lifestyle modifications, pharmacological treatments, and emerging therapies. The review underscores the importance of ongoing progress in diabetes management and patient education to lead to optimal patient-health outcomes and quality of life for individuals with diabetes mellitus.

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糖尿病和相关血管疾病：发病机制、并发症和不断发展的治疗。

糖尿病是一种代谢紊乱，其特征是血糖水平升高（高血糖症）和胰岛素失调。此病与发病率和死亡率相关，包括显著的潜在血管并发症。高水平的高血糖不仅会导致活性氧水平升高，还会导致糖基化终产物的晚期，这对血管内皮有害，并减少一氧化氮和前列环素等保护性化合物。这种损伤会导致大血管和微血管并发症的发生。本研究探讨了糖尿病血管并发症的病理生理机制，并评估了目前的管理策略，包括生活方式的改变、药物治疗和新兴疗法。这篇综述强调了糖尿病管理和患者教育的持续进展对于糖尿病患者获得最佳的患者健康结果和生活质量的重要性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Advances in Therapy 医学-药学

CiteScore

7.20

自引率

2.60%

发文量

353

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Advances in Therapy is an international, peer reviewed, rapid-publication (peer review in 2 weeks, published 3–4 weeks from acceptance) journal dedicated to the publication of high-quality clinical (all phases), observational, real-world, and health outcomes research around the discovery, development, and use of therapeutics and interventions (including devices) across all therapeutic areas. Studies relating to diagnostics and diagnosis, pharmacoeconomics, public health, epidemiology, quality of life, and patient care, management, and education are also encouraged. The journal is of interest to a broad audience of healthcare professionals and publishes original research, reviews, communications and letters. The journal is read by a global audience and receives submissions from all over the world. Advances in Therapy will consider all scientifically sound research be it positive, confirmatory or negative data. Submissions are welcomed whether they relate to an international and/or a country-specific audience, something that is crucially important when researchers are trying to target more specific patient populations. This inclusive approach allows the journal to assist in the dissemination of all scientifically and ethically sound research.