Assessing thermo-physiological effects of different tree species within the inner regions of the urban canyon; confronting in-situ extreme heat stress in Istanbul during the El-Niño summer of 2023.

IF 3 3区 地球科学 Q2 BIOPHYSICS
Elif Nur Sarı, Andre Santos Nouri, Mert Ekşi, Andreas Matzarakis
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Abstract

This study investigates the impact of street morphology and tree species on thermal comfort in Istanbul during the July 2023 El Niño event, focusing on worst-case scenarios. Field measurements were conducted in the most common street morphologies and compared with data obtained from meteorological stations (MS). Subsequently, the influence of tree presence were evaluated for the measured streets, and PET assessments were conducted by incorporating fisheye photographs of the most common tree species in the region into the SVF calculations. The results indicate that EW-oriented streets, particularly the Left Lateral, experience beyond extreme heat stress due to extended sun exposure. PET results from MS were inconsistent with local conditions. The analysis of Platanus orientalis, Populus canadensis, and Robinia pseudoacacia on PET in different street orientations showed reductions of 5-6 °C, particularly for the first two species during morning and midday. This equates to a PET reduction from Beyond extreme heat stress (I) to Extreme heat stress, for heat stress beyond 41 °C. Although this reduction is significant, tree shade had limited impact under such extreme heat. The study found that trees on the left side were more effective when placed on one side, while the right side provided stronger cooling when trees were on both sides in both E-W and N-S streets. Additionally, during the El Niño period, the influence of street morphology on thermal comfort in 'Csa' climates begins to reflect the conditions of 'BWh' climates, with higher levels of heat stress. As climate change continues to intensify, these extreme heat conditions may become typical in the future.

城市峡谷内不同树种的热生理效应评价在2023年El-Niño夏季在伊斯坦布尔面临原位极端热应力。
本研究调查了2023年7月厄尔尼诺Niño事件期间伊斯坦布尔街道形态和树种对热舒适的影响,重点研究了最坏情况。在最常见的街道形态中进行了实地测量,并与气象站(MS)获得的数据进行了比较。随后,评估了树木存在对测量街道的影响,并通过将该地区最常见树种的鱼眼照片纳入SVF计算来进行PET评估。结果表明,东西向的街道,特别是左侧,由于长时间的阳光照射,经历了极端的热应力。MS的PET结果与当地情况不一致。东方树、加拿大杨树和刺槐在不同街道朝向的PET值均下降了5 ~ 6℃,其中前2种在上午和中午的PET值下降幅度最大。这相当于PET从极端热应力(I)降低到极端热应力(41°C以上的热应力)。虽然这种减少是显著的,但在这种极端高温下,树荫的影响有限。研究发现,左侧的树木在放置一侧时效果更好,而在东西向和南北向街道两侧的树木则提供更强的降温效果。此外,在El Niño期间,街道形态对“Csa”气候条件下热舒适的影响开始反映“BWh”气候条件,具有较高的热应力水平。随着气候变化的持续加剧,这些极端高温可能在未来成为典型。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.40
自引率
9.40%
发文量
183
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: The Journal publishes original research papers, review articles and short communications on studies examining the interactions between living organisms and factors of the natural and artificial atmospheric environment. Living organisms extend from single cell organisms, to plants and animals, including humans. The atmospheric environment includes climate and weather, electromagnetic radiation, and chemical and biological pollutants. The journal embraces basic and applied research and practical aspects such as living conditions, agriculture, forestry, and health. The journal is published for the International Society of Biometeorology, and most membership categories include a subscription to the Journal.
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