Comparative study on drug encapsulation and release kinetics in extracellular vesicles loaded with snake venom L - amino acid oxidase.

IF 2.8 3区医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

BMC Pharmacology & Toxicology Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI:10.1186/s40360-025-00938-8

Divya Ramesh, Shankar M Bakkannavar, Vinutha R Bhat, K Sreedhara Ranganath Pai, Krishna Sharan

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the potential of plasma-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) as drug delivery carriers by employing two drug-loading techniques: coincubation and freeze-thaw cycles.

Methods: EVs isolated via the polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation method were characterized via nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The size of the particles was 200.1 ± 66.6 nm. The isolated vesicles were loaded with 1000 µg/ml snake venom L amino acid oxidase (SVLAAO) via the coincubation method and subjected to freeze-thaw cycles to prepare a novel formulation. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) of the loaded EVs was analysed at 30 and 60 min, and in vitro drug release profiles were evaluated for both methods and kinetic model for the same was determined.

Results: The coincubation method achieved an EE of 58.08 ± 0.060% after 60 min, which was greater than that of the freeze-thaw method (55.80 ± 0.060%). Drug release studies demonstrated that 93% of the drug was released in 8.5 h by the coincubation method, whereas the freeze-thaw method resulted in faster release (99% in 6.5 h) due to membrane disruption. The best fit value (R²) was highest for zero order kinetics model.

Conclusion: In conclusion, the coincubation method preserves EV membrane integrity, enabling sustained drug release, making it a promising strategy for targeted drug delivery applications. This study highlights plasma-derived EVs as innovative carriers for therapeutic delivery.

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蛇毒L -氨基酸氧化酶细胞外囊泡对药物包封与释放动力学的比较研究。

背景：本研究旨在通过共孵育和冻融循环两种载药技术，评估血浆源性细胞外囊泡（ev）作为药物递送载体的潜力。方法：采用聚乙二醇（PEG）沉淀法分离的电动汽车，采用纳米颗粒跟踪分析（NTA）和透射电镜（TEM）对其进行表征。粒径为200.1±66.6 nm。用共孵育法将分离得到的蛇毒L氨基酸氧化酶（SVLAAO）装入1000µg/ml的囊泡中，经冻融循环制备新制剂。分析载药ev在30min和60min的包封效率（EE），评价两种方法的体外释药曲线，并建立其动力学模型。结果：共孵育60 min后的EE为58.08±0.060%，高于冻融法（55.80±0.060%）。药物释放研究表明，共孵育法在8.5 h内释放93%的药物，而冻融法由于膜破坏，释放速度更快（6.5 h内释放99%）。零级动力学模型的最佳拟合值（R2）最高。结论：综上所述，共孵育方法保持了EV膜的完整性，实现了药物的持续释放，是一种很有前景的靶向给药策略。这项研究强调了血浆源性电动汽车作为治疗递送的创新载体。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

BMC Pharmacology & Toxicology PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACYTOXICOLOGY&nb-TOXICOLOGY

CiteScore

4.80

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

12 weeks

期刊介绍： BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that considers articles on all aspects of chemically defined therapeutic and toxic agents. The journal welcomes submissions from all fields of experimental and clinical pharmacology including clinical trials and toxicology.