TRIB1: A Multifaceted Regulator of Cardiometabolic Health.

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The rising prevalence of CVD is primarily driven by several risk factors, including dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, diabetes and obesity. Many current studies are focused on unraveling the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms that govern these risk factors, with the main goal of identifying novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets to prevent the onset of CVD in the population. In recent decades, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have linked the 8q24 locus containing the TRIB1 gene to various cardiometabolic traits in humans, such as plasma triglycerides (TG), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), adiponectin, and HbA1c levels. Emerging research has investigated the role of Trib1 (Tribbles homolog 1) in regulating plasma lipid levels, inflammation, and insulin signaling, opening new avenues for the potential therapeutic role of Trib1 in CVD risk assessment. Accordingly, this review aims to explore the crucial role of Trib1 as a therapeutic biomarker in CVDs, with a focus on its association with lipid metabolism, atherosclerosis, obesity and diabetes analyzing in vitro and in vivo studies and offering insights into its underlying molecular mechanisms.