Craving self-reports as outcome measures in drug addiction trials: A systematic review of ClinicalTrials.gov.

IF 5.2 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY
Addiction Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI:10.1111/add.70064
Matin Toulami, Keyvan Ghasemi, Parnian Rafei, Arshiya Sangchooli, Nastaran Nafissi, Arash Khojasteh Zonoozi, Hossein Mohaddes Ardabili, Mohsen Ebrahimi, Tara Rezapour, Hamed Ekhtiari
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background and aims: The subjective experience of drug craving is characterized by an overwhelming urge to consume substances. Due to strong validity and ease of use, self-report measures are widely employed to assess substance-related motivational dynamics. Multi-item questionnaires are increasingly favored for capturing the multidimensional nature of craving, providing valuable insights for clinical care and relapse prediction. This review aimed to summarize craving self-report measurement tools registered in clinical trials and examine their methodological parameters.

Methods: A search was conducted in November 2022 and updated in November 2024 using the same methodology on ClinicalTrials.gov for trials reporting drug craving as an outcome measure. Trials using craving measurement tools were screened and included.

Results: From 5383 initial trials, 1255 met eligibility criteria. Craving was reported as the only primary outcome measure in 14.6%, one of the primary outcomes in 21.3% and as secondary or exploratory in 64.1% of the studies. The most studied substances were nicotine (32.5% of studies) and alcohol (27.5%), followed by opioids (14.2%). Multi-item questionnaires were the most frequently used approach (55.4%), followed by single-item questionnaires (27.3%) to measure craving. Among 107 identified multi-item questionnaires, only 38 were used three or more times. The most common multi-item questionnaires were the Questionnaire on Smoking Urges (20%), Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (12.1%) and Alcohol Urge Questionnaire (9.8%). Most trials focused on evaluating phasic (now) craving (51.6%) over tonic (in a certain time-interval) craving (38%).

Conclusion: Craving, measured through self-reports, is increasingly targeted as a primary outcome measure in drug addiction trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. Craving self-reports are highly variable, underscoring the need for standardized tools to enhance comparability across studies.

渴望自我报告作为药物成瘾试验的结果测量:ClinicalTrials.gov的系统回顾。
背景和目的:药物渴求的主观体验的特点是一种压倒性的冲动消费物质。由于强效性和易用性,自我报告测量被广泛用于评估与物质相关的动机动态。多项目问卷越来越受欢迎,因为它能捕捉到渴望的多维本质,为临床护理和复发预测提供有价值的见解。本综述旨在总结在临床试验中注册的渴望自我报告测量工具,并检查其方法学参数。方法:于2022年11月进行了一项搜索,并于2024年11月在ClinicalTrials.gov上使用相同的方法进行了更新,以报告药物渴望作为结果衡量标准。使用渴望测量工具的试验被筛选和纳入。结果:5383项初始试验中,1255项符合入选标准。在14.6%的研究中,渴望是唯一的主要结局指标,在21.3%的研究中,它是主要结局之一,在64.1%的研究中,它是次要或探索性的。研究最多的物质是尼古丁(32.5%)和酒精(27.5%),其次是阿片类药物(14.2%)。多项目问卷是最常用的测量方法(55.4%),其次是单项目问卷(27.3%)。在确定的107份多项目问卷中,只有38份使用了三次或三次以上。最常见的多项目问卷是《吸烟冲动问卷》(20%)、《宾大酒精渴望量表》(12.1%)和《酒精冲动问卷》(9.8%)。大多数试验侧重于评估阶段性(现在)渴望(51.6%)而非紧张性(特定时间间隔)渴望(38%)。结论:在ClinicalTrials.gov网站上注册的药物成瘾试验中,通过自我报告来衡量的渴望越来越成为主要的结果衡量指标。渴望自我报告是高度可变的,强调需要标准化的工具来增强研究之间的可比性。
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来源期刊
Addiction
Addiction 医学-精神病学
CiteScore
10.80
自引率
6.70%
发文量
319
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Addiction publishes peer-reviewed research reports on pharmacological and behavioural addictions, bringing together research conducted within many different disciplines. Its goal is to serve international and interdisciplinary scientific and clinical communication, to strengthen links between science and policy, and to stimulate and enhance the quality of debate. We seek submissions that are not only technically competent but are also original and contain information or ideas of fresh interest to our international readership. We seek to serve low- and middle-income (LAMI) countries as well as more economically developed countries. Addiction’s scope spans human experimental, epidemiological, social science, historical, clinical and policy research relating to addiction, primarily but not exclusively in the areas of psychoactive substance use and/or gambling. In addition to original research, the journal features editorials, commentaries, reviews, letters, and book reviews.
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