{"title":"Study of Fe2+ removal from laterite nickel-ore leaching pregnant solutions: optimization and kinetics","authors":"Flaviana Yohanala Prista Tyassena, Widya Almaidah Kusumah, Syafirna Aisyah Cantika, Alya Rifaya Fauzia, Fitri Junianti, Syardah Ugra Al Adawiyah, Gyan Prameswara","doi":"10.1007/s11243-024-00624-4","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research offers substantial insights into improving the hydrometallurgical processing of nickel ores, with a particular emphasis on minimizing impurities to meet the demands of modern industries, such as electric vehicle battery manufacturing. The study focuses on optimizing iron (Fe) removal from nickel laterite ore pregnant leach solution (PLS) using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), examining key variables including agitation speed, precipitation temperature, and precipitation duration. Employing a two-stage precipitation process with calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), this research concentrates specifically on second-stage Fe removal. This stage aimed to maximize Fe<sup>2</sup>⁺ removal efficiency while minimizing losses of valuable metals. Experimental results indicated an optimal Fe removal efficiency of 10.93% during the second stage and achieved under conditions of 450 rpm agitation, 90 min of precipitation, and a temperature of 90 °C, yielding a total Fe removal rate of 98.74%. Kinetic analysis across first-, second-, and third-order models suggests that the third-order model exhibits the highest <i>R</i><sup>2</sup>; however, similar <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> values across models prevented conclusive determination of the reaction order. The activation energy (Ea) derived from this study is 12.99 kJ/mol, indicating energy-efficient Fe precipitation. Characterization of the precipitate via X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed hematite (Fe₂O₃) and goethite (FeOOH) as primary Fe compounds, along with calcium sulfate (CaSO₄), which may hydrate to form gypsum. These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing Fe removal in nickel laterite ore processing, demonstrating high Fe removal efficiency under controlled operational parameters.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":803,"journal":{"name":"Transition Metal Chemistry","volume":"50 3","pages":"301 - 311"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Transition Metal Chemistry","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11243-024-00624-4","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
This research offers substantial insights into improving the hydrometallurgical processing of nickel ores, with a particular emphasis on minimizing impurities to meet the demands of modern industries, such as electric vehicle battery manufacturing. The study focuses on optimizing iron (Fe) removal from nickel laterite ore pregnant leach solution (PLS) using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), examining key variables including agitation speed, precipitation temperature, and precipitation duration. Employing a two-stage precipitation process with calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), this research concentrates specifically on second-stage Fe removal. This stage aimed to maximize Fe2⁺ removal efficiency while minimizing losses of valuable metals. Experimental results indicated an optimal Fe removal efficiency of 10.93% during the second stage and achieved under conditions of 450 rpm agitation, 90 min of precipitation, and a temperature of 90 °C, yielding a total Fe removal rate of 98.74%. Kinetic analysis across first-, second-, and third-order models suggests that the third-order model exhibits the highest R2; however, similar R2 values across models prevented conclusive determination of the reaction order. The activation energy (Ea) derived from this study is 12.99 kJ/mol, indicating energy-efficient Fe precipitation. Characterization of the precipitate via X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed hematite (Fe₂O₃) and goethite (FeOOH) as primary Fe compounds, along with calcium sulfate (CaSO₄), which may hydrate to form gypsum. These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing Fe removal in nickel laterite ore processing, demonstrating high Fe removal efficiency under controlled operational parameters.
期刊介绍：
Transition Metal Chemistry is an international journal designed to deal with all aspects of the subject embodied in the title: the preparation of transition metal-based molecular compounds of all kinds (including complexes of the Group 12 elements), their structural, physical, kinetic, catalytic and biological properties, their use in chemical synthesis as well as their application in the widest context, their role in naturally occurring systems etc.
Manuscripts submitted to the journal should be of broad appeal to the readership and for this reason, papers which are confined to more specialised studies such as the measurement of solution phase equilibria or thermal decomposition studies, or papers which include extensive material on f-block elements, or papers dealing with non-molecular materials, will not normally be considered for publication. Work describing new ligands or coordination geometries must provide sufficient evidence for the confident assignment of structural formulae; this will usually take the form of one or more X-ray crystal structures.
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