Main Strategies of the Sample Preparation of Biological Samples Containing Nanoparticles for Their Subsequent Analysis by Single Particle Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry: A Mini-Review

IF 1 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL
O. N. Grebneva-Balyuk, M. S. Kiseleva, I. V. Kubrakova
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Abstract

The characterization of highly dispersed materials and nanoparticles (NPs), as well as the investigation of their transformations in biological systems, constitute a critical aspect of research aimed at assessing the potential for active NP applications in biomedicine and pharmacology. A promising method for characterizing NPs involves single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SP ICP MS). This technique enables the determination of nanoparticle masses at the femtogram level and gives information on their distribution by the analyte form (soluble ionic or nanoscale), size, and quantity within the analyzed sample. Sample preparation for an SP ICP MS analysis is based on the quantitative extraction of NPs from a biological sample while preserving their characteristics. Liquid samples for analysis are prepared by dilutions, involving filtration, centrifugation, sedimentation, and various fractionation and separation techniques. Enzymatic and alkaline hydrolysis have been applied to the decomposition of biological tissues. The discussion addresses the capabilities and limitations of primary sample preparation methods, using biomaterials containing gold and silver NPs as examples. Particular attention is given to techniques that do not alter the analyte, such as dilution and filtration. A possibility of analyzing iron oxide-based materials, relevant to biomedical research, using SP ICP MS is noted, along with the challenges associated with such analyses. The combination of laser ablation (as a sampling method) with SP ICP MS is shown to be a promising approach to studying the spatial distribution of NPs in biological systems.

含纳米颗粒生物样品制备及其后续单粒子电感耦合等离子体质谱分析的主要策略综述
高度分散材料和纳米颗粒(NPs)的表征,以及它们在生物系统中的转化研究,构成了旨在评估活性NP在生物医学和药理学中应用潜力的研究的一个关键方面。单粒子电感耦合等离子体质谱(SP ICP MS)是表征NPs的一种很有前途的方法。该技术能够在飞图水平上测定纳米颗粒质量,并通过分析样品中的分析物形式(可溶性离子或纳米级)、大小和数量提供纳米颗粒分布的信息。SP ICP质谱分析的样品制备是基于从生物样品中定量提取NPs,同时保留其特征。用于分析的液体样品是通过稀释制备的,包括过滤、离心、沉淀和各种分馏和分离技术。酶解和碱性水解已被应用于生物组织的分解。讨论了主要样品制备方法的能力和局限性,以含金和银NPs的生物材料为例。特别注意不改变分析物的技术,如稀释和过滤。指出了使用SP ICP MS分析与生物医学研究相关的氧化铁基材料的可能性,以及与此类分析相关的挑战。激光烧蚀(作为一种采样方法)与SP ICP质谱相结合被证明是研究生物系统中NPs空间分布的一种有前途的方法。
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来源期刊
Journal of Analytical Chemistry
Journal of Analytical Chemistry 化学-分析化学
CiteScore
2.10
自引率
9.10%
发文量
146
审稿时长
13 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Analytical Chemistry is an international peer reviewed journal that covers theoretical and applied aspects of analytical chemistry; it informs the reader about new achievements in analytical methods, instruments and reagents. Ample space is devoted to problems arising in the analysis of vital media such as water and air. Consideration is given to the detection and determination of metal ions, anions, and various organic substances. The journal welcomes manuscripts from all countries in the English or Russian language.
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