Balancing strength and translucency: The role of microstructure in additive and subtractive dental zirconia

IF 4.6 1区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Dental Materials Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI:10.1016/j.dental.2025.03.310

Mirelle M. Ruggiero , Chek Hai Lim , Thomas S. Giugliano , Mijin Choi , Altair A. Del Bel Cury , Yu Zhang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objectives

To elucidate the effect of microstructure on the strength and translucency of dental zirconia fabricated using additive (AM) and subtractive manufacturing (SM) technologies.

Methods

Twelve 3Y-TZP discs were fabricated using AM with two print orientations (0°: group AM0; 90°: group AM90; n = 6), and six via CAD/CAM machining (group SM). Density, composition, roughness, translucency parameter (TP), and biaxial flexural strength (σ) were evaluated. Fractographic analysis was conducted and defect size estimated. Based on the preliminary σ results (n = 6), the optimal print orientation was identified. Nine additional specimens were prepared for each of the AM90 and SM groups for Weibull σ analysis (n = 15). Differences in Weibull modulus were assessed via non-overlapping 95 % confidence intervals. An one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test and an independent samples t-test were used (α = 0.05).

Results

The relative density was consistent across all groups (>99 %). The tetragonal and cubic phases were comparable among groups, with proportions exceeding 82 wt% and 17 wt%, respectively. Group SM exhibited significantly higher roughness (1.18 µm) than AM0 (0.71 µm) and AM90 (0.51 µm). Group SM exhibited the highest TP values, while groups AM0 and AM90 had statistically similar TP values. AM0 showed the lowest σ value (411.60 ± 73.99 MPa) and larger defects. Groups AM90 and SM (n = 15) possessed comparable σ values (969.85 ± 123.13 MPa and 989.72 ± 107.78 MPa, respectively) (p = 0.6417) and Weibull moduli (9.17 and 10.62, respectively).

Significance

SM zirconia showed higher translucency and roughness, while defects reduced translucency in AM zirconia. Flexural strength was lower for AM0 due to larger defects, whereas AM90 matched SM strength.

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平衡强度和半透明：显微结构在加式和减式氧化锆中的作用

目的探讨增材制造（AM）和减法制造（SM）工艺制备的氧化锆牙体的显微结构对其强度和透明度的影响。方法采用增材制造技术制备12个3Y-TZP圆盘，两种打印方向(0°：AM0组；90°：组AM90；n = 6)，6个通过CAD/CAM加工（SM组）。对材料的密度、成分、粗糙度、透光性参数（TP）和双轴抗折强度（σ）进行了评价。进行了断口分析，并估计了缺陷尺寸。根据初步的σ结果（n = 6），确定了最佳打印方向。AM90组和SM组各准备9个标本进行Weibull σ分析（n = 15）。威布尔模量的差异通过不重叠的95% %置信区间进行评估。采用单因素方差分析、Tukey事后检验和独立样本t检验（α = 0.05）。结果各组相对密度基本一致（>99 %）。四方相和立方相在组间具有可比性，比例分别超过82 wt%和17 wt%。SM组的粗糙度（1.18 µm）显著高于AM0组（0.71 µm）和AM90组（0.51 µm）。SM组TP值最高，AM0和AM90组TP值具有统计学意义。AM0的σ值最低（411.60 ± 73.99 MPa），缺陷较大。团体AM90和SM (n = 15)拥有类似的σ值(969.85 ±123.13   MPa和989.72±107.78  MPa,分别)(p = 0.6417)和威布尔模(分别为9.17和10.62)。esm氧化锆具有更高的半透明性和粗糙度，而AM氧化锆的缺陷降低了半透明性。AM0的抗弯强度较低，因为缺陷较大，而AM90的抗弯强度与SM相当。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Dental Materials 工程技术-材料科学：生物材料

CiteScore

9.80

自引率

10.00%

发文量

290

审稿时长

67 days

期刊介绍： Dental Materials publishes original research, review articles, and short communications. Academy of Dental Materials members click here to register for free access to Dental Materials online. The principal aim of Dental Materials is to promote rapid communication of scientific information between academia, industry, and the dental practitioner. Original Manuscripts on clinical and laboratory research of basic and applied character which focus on the properties or performance of dental materials or the reaction of host tissues to materials are given priority publication. Other acceptable topics include application technology in clinical dentistry and dental laboratory technology. Comprehensive reviews and editorial commentaries on pertinent subjects will be considered.