Strategic attenuation of Cd accumulation in rice through stage-specific flooding: Synergistic coordination of rhizospheric Cd bioavailability, microbial communities, and iron plaque speciation

IF 7.6 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Pollution Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126455

Weijian Wu , Wenjun Yang , Feiyu Zheng , Qiying Zhang , Qiao Ma , Yingyue Zhao , Si Luo , Yang Yang , Qingru Zeng , Xiao Deng

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Abstract

Continuous flooding (CF) effectively mitigates rice cadmium (Cd) contamination but raises concerns about water scarcity and greenhouse gas emissions, limiting sustainability. Therefore, there is a need for water management strategies that can reduce Cd accumulation in rice without the substantial resource demands of CF. Field trials conducted in Cd-contaminated paddy fields in southern China compared eight water management strategies, including continuous drainage (CD), stage-specific flooding, and CF, to identify alternatives for reducing rice Cd accumulation. Delaying flooding stages and extending flooding duration progressively decreased Cd levels in rice tissues. Although CF achieved the lowest brown rice Cd levels (0.04–0.06 mg/kg), it also caused yield reductions. Among the alternatives, grain-filling stage flooding resulted in a reduction of Cd levels in brown rice compared to vegetative-stage flooding, decreasing the health risks of Cd from intake of brown rice. Specifically, grain-filling stage flooding for 20 days (FG20) was particularly effective, reducing Cd concentrations in brown rice by 82.74 % (YA) and 28.61 % (HG) compared to CD, and by 3.67 %–74.82 % compared to vegetative-stage flooding. FG20 significantly reduced soil Cd bioavailability to levels comparable to CF, while also similarly increasing soil pH and promoting iron plaque formation compared to CD. Additionally, FG20 modulated the soil microbial community, stimulating Cd-immobilizing bacteria (e.g., Clostridium_sensu_stricto_13, Oxobacter) while suppressing Cd-mobilizing bacteria (e.g., Porphyrobacter, Anaerolinea), stabilizing Cd in soil. Collectively, extending the grain-filling stage flooding duration (e.g., to 20 days) in Cd-contaminated rice production areas can both significantly reduce water resource consumption and facilitate practical implementation for farmers.

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通过特定阶段的洪水战略性地减少水稻镉积累：根际镉生物有效性、微生物群落和铁斑块物种的协同协调

持续的洪水（CF）有效地缓解了稻米镉（Cd）污染，但引发了人们对水资源短缺和温室气体排放的担忧，从而限制了可持续性。因此，我们需要一种既能减少水稻Cd积累又不需要大量CF资源的水管理策略。在中国南方Cd污染的稻田进行的田间试验比较了8种水管理策略，包括连续排水（Cd）、特定阶段的洪水和CF，以确定减少水稻Cd积累的替代方案。延迟淹水阶段和延长淹水时间可逐渐降低水稻组织中的镉含量。虽然CF使糙米镉水平最低（0.04 ~ 0.06 mg/kg），但也导致产量下降。在这些替代方案中，灌浆期淹水导致糙米中的Cd含量比育成期淹水降低，降低了摄入糙米对Cd的健康风险。其中，灌浆期20 d （FG20）处理效果显著，糙米中Cd浓度与Cd相比分别降低了82.74% （YA）和28.61% (HG)，与育成期相比分别降低了3.67%-74.82%。与Cd相比，FG20显著降低了土壤Cd的生物有效性，同时也同样提高了土壤pH值，促进了铁斑块的形成。此外，FG20调节了土壤微生物群落，刺激Cd固定化细菌（如Clostridium_sensu_stricto_13， Oxobacter），同时抑制Cd动员细菌（如卟啉杆菌，厌氧菌），稳定了土壤中的Cd。总的来说，在cd污染的水稻产区，延长灌浆期的淹水时间（例如20天）既可以显著减少水资源消耗，又有利于农民的实际实施。

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来源期刊

Environmental Pollution 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

16.00

自引率

6.70%

发文量

2082

审稿时长

2.9 months

期刊介绍： Environmental Pollution is an international peer-reviewed journal that publishes high-quality research papers and review articles covering all aspects of environmental pollution and its impacts on ecosystems and human health. Subject areas include, but are not limited to: • Sources and occurrences of pollutants that are clearly defined and measured in environmental compartments, food and food-related items, and human bodies; • Interlinks between contaminant exposure and biological, ecological, and human health effects, including those of climate change; • Contaminants of emerging concerns (including but not limited to antibiotic resistant microorganisms or genes, microplastics/nanoplastics, electronic wastes, light, and noise) and/or their biological, ecological, or human health effects; • Laboratory and field studies on the remediation/mitigation of environmental pollution via new techniques and with clear links to biological, ecological, or human health effects; • Modeling of pollution processes, patterns, or trends that is of clear environmental and/or human health interest; • New techniques that measure and examine environmental occurrences, transport, behavior, and effects of pollutants within the environment or the laboratory, provided that they can be clearly used to address problems within regional or global environmental compartments.