The ocular surface tear film as a biomarker for systemic health

IF 5.6 1区医学 Q1 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Ocular Surface Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI:10.1016/j.jtos.2025.05.005

Navid Fotovat-Ahmadi , Omer Siddiqui , Joshua Ong , Chanon Thanitcul , Christian Reinhardt , Stephanie M. Cologna , Vinay Kumar Aakalu

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The tear film is a complex structure with rich interactions with the human body. A growing body of evidence suggests that measuring changes in protein, lipid, or other metabolite concentration in the tear film can be used to help detect disease. Particularly in the era of precision medicine, the tear film serves as a promising source of non-invasive insights into systemic health for early diagnosis and treatment. This paper analyzes the latest research in tear film biomarkers for systemic diseases. The review was conducted through PubMed and Embase databases using the PRISMA protocol and includes 54 articles. This paper first reviews the anatomy and physiology of tear film, as well as the latest proteomic analysis techniques on the tear film. We then provide a disease-by-disease review on the tear film as a biomarker including 5 articles related to Alzheimer's Disease, 10 articles related to Cancers, 1 article related to Cystic Fibrosis, 1 article related to Migraines, 4 articles related to Multiple Sclerosis, 15 articles related to Parkinson's Disease, 7 articles related to Rheumatoid Arthritis, and 11 articles related to Thyroid Disease. This paper highlights the promising results of these studies yet also reviews the challenges with limited sample sizes, reproducibility, and biological understanding of biomarkers. We conclude this paper with insights for future work to ensure clinical validity and generalizability. Ultimately, the tear film is a clinically accessible, complex structure that provides a wealth of information that may contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of systemic health.

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眼表泪膜作为系统健康的生物标志物

泪膜是一种复杂的结构，与人体有着丰富的相互作用。越来越多的证据表明，测量泪膜中蛋白质、脂质或其他代谢物浓度的变化可用于帮助检测疾病。特别是在精准医疗的时代，泪膜作为一种有希望的非侵入性洞察系统健康的早期诊断和治疗的来源。本文分析了泪膜生物标志物在全身性疾病中的最新研究进展。该综述使用PRISMA协议通过PubMed和Embase数据库进行，包括54篇文章。本文首先综述了泪膜的解剖学和生理学，以及最新的泪膜蛋白质组学分析技术。然后，我们对泪膜作为生物标志物的疾病进行逐一回顾，包括5篇与阿尔茨海默病相关的文章，10篇与癌症相关的文章，1篇与囊性纤维化相关的文章，1篇与偏头痛相关的文章，4篇与多发性硬化症相关的文章，15篇与帕金森病相关的文章，7篇与类风湿性关节炎相关的文章，以及11篇与甲状腺疾病相关的文章。本文强调了这些研究的有希望的结果，但也回顾了有限的样本量，可重复性和生物标志物的生物学理解的挑战。我们总结了对未来工作的见解，以确保临床有效性和普遍性。最终，泪膜是一种临床上可接近的复杂结构，它提供了丰富的信息，可能有助于更全面地了解全身健康。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Ocular Surface 医学-眼科学

CiteScore

11.60

自引率

14.10%

发文量

审稿时长

39 days

期刊介绍： The Ocular Surface, a quarterly, a peer-reviewed journal, is an authoritative resource that integrates and interprets major findings in diverse fields related to the ocular surface, including ophthalmology, optometry, genetics, molecular biology, pharmacology, immunology, infectious disease, and epidemiology. Its critical review articles cover the most current knowledge on medical and surgical management of ocular surface pathology, new understandings of ocular surface physiology, the meaning of recent discoveries on how the ocular surface responds to injury and disease, and updates on drug and device development. The journal also publishes select original research reports and articles describing cutting-edge techniques and technology in the field. Benefits to authors We also provide many author benefits, such as free PDFs, a liberal copyright policy, special discounts on Elsevier publications and much more. Please click here for more information on our author services. Please see our Guide for Authors for information on article submission. If you require any further information or help, please visit our Support Center