Exploring the relationships of Metabolic Syndrome with sociodemographic factors, weight status, dietary and lifestyle behaviors in Moroccan adults

Abstract

Background and aim

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and other health complications. Its prevalence is rising globally, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of MetS and identify its associated risk factors among adults from the Fez-Meknes and Beni Mellal-Khenifra regions of Morocco.

Methods

We used data from the 2017 Morocco STEPS survey on risk factors for non-communicable diseases. Data collection was based on the WHO STEPwise approach to surveillance (STEPS). A total of 1048 adults aged ≥18 years were included in our analysis. MetS was classified using the International Diabetes Federation criteria.

Results

The prevalence of MetS was 39.5 %. Men, residents of the Beni Mellal-Khenifra region, individuals under 31 years of age, and those with primary education or more had significantly lower odds of MetS than women, residents of the Fes-Meknes region, and individuals aged 31 years or older, respectively. Overweight/obese individuals and low consumers of fruit/vegetables were significantly more likely to have MetS compared to non-overweight peers and consumers of recommended amounts of fruits/vegetables (AOR = 17.8, 95 %CI: 10.7–29.5, and AOR = 1.48, 95 %CI: 1.07–2.04, respectively). Moreover, current smokers and alcohol drinkers had a lower likelihood of MetS than never-smokers and non-drinkers, respectively.

Conclusion

The high prevalence of MetS among Moroccan adults highlights its public health significance. Female sex, older age, lower education, overweight/obesity, and insufficient fruit/vegetable intake were key predictors. Region-specific strategies are urgently needed to prevent and manage MetS, focusing on vulnerable populations.