Can mid-block pedestrian signals (MPS) provide greater safety benefits than other mid-block pedestrian crossings?

Abstract

The Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) has recently implemented a new midblock signal system known as the Midblock Pedestrian Signal (MPS) to enhance pedestrian safety. This study evaluates the effectiveness of MPSs by comparing their safety performance with other existing midblock crossing treatments. Portable CCTV video data were collected from 14 MPS equipped locations, in addition to five reference sites, to calculate Conflict Modification Factors (CoMFs) using vehicle–pedestrian conflict data. Advanced computer vision techniques, specifically the RT-DETR model for object detection and the ByteTrack algorithm for tracking were utilized to process the video data. The study employed both Cross-Sectional (CS) and Before-After methods, incorporating the Comparison Group (CG) and Empirical Bayesian (EB) approaches to evaluate the safety impacts of MPSs. To address repeated observations at the same locations and minimize bias, Safety Performance Functions (SPFs) were developed using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) with a Negative Binomial distribution, which proved more robust than traditional Generalized Linear Models (GLMs). The results demonstrate that MPS systems outperform Rectangular Rapid Flashing Beacons (RRFBs) and Flashing Beacons in reducing pedestrian-vehicle conflicts. Furthermore, when compared to Pedestrian Hybrid Beacons (PHBs) which share similar functionalities but differ in signal phase management—MPS systems provided additional safety benefits. Compared to PHBs, MPS systems reduced serious and all conflicts by between 26–33% and 31–33%, respectively, using the EB, CG and the CS methods. These reductions highlight the superior safety performance of MPS systems compared to PHBs and other midblock crossing treatments. With their adaptability, cost-effectiveness, and enhanced safety benefits, MPS systems are a promising alternative for upgrading existing pedestrian crossings or installing new signal systems to improve pedestrian safety at midblock locations.