An experimental study on the effect of water conductivities on the speed skating ice quality during layered making process

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.04.032

Yonghui Liang , Mengjie Song , Xianfeng Zhao , Dmitriy A. Uglanov , Mingxu Qi , Zekang Zhen

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The ice surface of speed skating adopts the layered ice-making method, and the actual ice-making process only relies on the experience of the ice maker to adjust the conductivity of the water, which is not guided by the theoretical basis. To study the effect of different conductivity on the characteristics of speed skating ice surface, this study chooses water with equal conductivity gradient to carry out the layered ice-making experiment, and measures the parameters of ice transparency, hardness and air content. The research results indicate that as the conductivity of the ice making water increases, the total ice making time decreases, and the transparency and hardness of the ice also decrease. When the conductivity of water increased from 2 μs/cm to 500 μs/cm, the ice making time decreased by 18.1 %, the Shore hardness of ice decreased by 25.4 %, and the drop ball hardness decreased by 30.5 %. During the layered ice making process of water with higher conductivity, electrolytes will precipitate and accumulate at the freezing front, forming white layered stripes and reducing the transparency of the ice. The conductivity of water increased from 2 μs/cm to 100 μs/cm, while the transparency of ice decreased from 73.8 % to 44.9 %. In this study, conductivity is used as a core regulatory parameter to reveal its quantitative effect on ice performance. The research results can optimize the ice making process of speed skating and enhance the skating and watching experience.

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分层制冰过程中水电导率对速滑冰质量影响的实验研究

速滑冰面采用分层制冰方法，实际制冰过程仅依靠制冰者的经验来调节水的导电性，没有理论依据的指导。为了研究不同电导率对速滑冰面特性的影响，本研究选择电导率梯度相等的水进行分层制冰实验，并测量冰的透明度、硬度和空气含量等参数。研究结果表明，随着制冰水电导率的增加，总制冰时间缩短，冰的透明度和硬度也随之降低。当水的电导率从2 μs/cm增加到500 μs/cm时，制冰时间缩短18.1%，冰的邵氏硬度降低25.4%，落球硬度降低30.5%。电导率较高的水在分层制冰过程中，电解质会在冻结锋处沉淀积累，形成白色分层条纹，降低冰的透明度。水的电导率从2 μs/cm增加到100 μs/cm，冰的透明度从73.8%下降到44.9%。在本研究中，电导率作为核心调节参数来揭示其对冰性能的定量影响。研究结果可以优化速滑制冰工艺，提高滑冰和观看体验。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid 工程技术-工程：机械

CiteScore

7.30

自引率

12.80%

发文量

363

审稿时长

3.7 months

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Refrigeration is published for the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) by Elsevier. It is essential reading for all those wishing to keep abreast of research and industrial news in refrigeration, air conditioning and associated fields. This is particularly important in these times of rapid introduction of alternative refrigerants and the emergence of new technology. The journal has published special issues on alternative refrigerants and novel topics in the field of boiling, condensation, heat pumps, food refrigeration, carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrocarbons, magnetic refrigeration at room temperature, sorptive cooling, phase change materials and slurries, ejector technology, compressors, and solar cooling. As well as original research papers the International Journal of Refrigeration also includes review articles, papers presented at IIR conferences, short reports and letters describing preliminary results and experimental details, and letters to the Editor on recent areas of discussion and controversy. Other features include forthcoming events, conference reports and book reviews. Papers are published in either English or French with the IIR news section in both languages.