Antidiabetic properties of Cymbopogon spp.: Bridging preclinical findings with therapeutic applications in diabetes

Abstract

Background

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant global health challenge with increasing prevalence. Conventional treatments often have side effects that impact patient compliance. This has stimulated interest in alternative therapies, including the use of medicinal plants such as Cymbopogon spp., known for their hypoglycemic properties.

Objective

This scoping review aims to assess the scientific evidence supporting the antidiabetic effects of Cymbopogon spp., focusing on its use in managing both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.

Methods

Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a comprehensive search across PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, and LILACS from September 2023 to June 2024. Studies involving the use of Cymbopogon extracts and essential oils in mammals with DM were included. The selection criteria, structured around the PICO framework (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome), guided our systematic evaluation of the studies, with data subsequently analyzed through descriptive methods.

Results

Our search yielded 172 articles, of which 11 met the inclusion criteria after screening and assessments. These studies, primarily preclinical, consistently demonstrated significant reductions in blood glucose levels and improvements in lipid profiles among diabetic models treated with Cymbopogon spp. Additionally, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects were noted, indicating broader therapeutic potential.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that Cymbopogon spp. may offer beneficial effects in diabetes management, improving glycemic control and metabolic outcomes. However, further clinical studies are required to validate these effects in human populations and to explore the mechanisms of action, optimal dosages, and long-term safety of Cymbopogon spp.