Platinum Metallenes: Advanced Electrocatalysts for Sustainable Energy Solutions

IF 12.1 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Small Pub Date : 2025-05-13 DOI:10.1002/smll.202500858

Mrinal Kanti Kabiraz, Hafidatul Wahidah, Jong Wook Hong, Sang-Il Choi

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Abstract

Platinum (Pt) metallenes, an emerging class of ultrathin 2D nanomaterials, have redefined the field of electrocatalysis, offering physicochemical properties that are completely new to conventional catalyst materials. Characterized by their high surface-to-volume ratios, abundant active sites, and tunable electronic structures, Pt metallenes exhibit remarkable efficiencies across key reactions in fuel cells and electrolyzers, including the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and liquid fuel oxidation reaction (LFOR). Overcoming the inherent limitations of rigid Pt-Pt bonds and the face-centered cubic structure, recent advances in synthesis, such as bottom-up methods and top-down exfoliation, have enabled precise control over the atomic thickness, morphology, and composition of 2D Pt metallenes. In addition, advanced engineering strategies, such as defect creation, ligand modulation, and strain optimization, have further enhanced the intrinsic activity of the active sites and tailored the electronic structures to accelerate reaction kinetics. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the latest progress in Pt metallene research, emphasizing challenges in synthesis, structural design, and electrocatalytic applications. It is anticipated that the Pt metallenes, promising catalysts for sustainable energy technologies, will offer transformative solutions for efficient energy conversion and environmental remediation.

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铂金属：可持续能源解决方案的先进电催化剂

铂（Pt）金属烯，一类新兴的超薄二维纳米材料，重新定义了电催化领域，提供了传统催化剂材料全新的物理化学特性。Pt金属烯具有高的表面体积比、丰富的活性位点和可调谐的电子结构，在燃料电池和电解槽中的关键反应中表现出显著的效率，包括氧还原反应（ORR）、析氢反应（HER）和液体燃料氧化反应（LFOR）。克服了刚性Pt-Pt键和面心立方结构的固有局限性，最近的合成进展，如自下而上的方法和自上而下的剥离，使得精确控制二维Pt金属烯的原子厚度、形貌和组成成为可能。此外，先进的工程策略，如缺陷制造、配体调制和应变优化，进一步增强了活性位点的内在活性，并定制了电子结构，以加速反应动力学。本文综述了金属铂的最新研究进展，重点介绍了金属铂在合成、结构设计和电催化应用等方面的挑战。预计铂金属烯作为可持续能源技术的催化剂，将为有效的能源转化和环境修复提供变革性的解决方案。

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来源期刊

Small 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

17.70

自引率

3.80%

发文量

1830

审稿时长

2.1 months

期刊介绍： Small serves as an exceptional platform for both experimental and theoretical studies in fundamental and applied interdisciplinary research at the nano- and microscale. The journal offers a compelling mix of peer-reviewed Research Articles, Reviews, Perspectives, and Comments. With a remarkable 2022 Journal Impact Factor of 13.3 (Journal Citation Reports from Clarivate Analytics, 2023), Small remains among the top multidisciplinary journals, covering a wide range of topics at the interface of materials science, chemistry, physics, engineering, medicine, and biology. Small's readership includes biochemists, biologists, biomedical scientists, chemists, engineers, information technologists, materials scientists, physicists, and theoreticians alike.