Tailor-Design Electrolytes Promoting the Development of Alloy-Type Anodes

Abstract

Alloy-type anodes have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their high capacity, low working potential, and environmental friendliness. However, alloy-type anodes face several challenges in practical applications, including substantial volume expansion, low coulombic efficiency, and unstable solid-electrolyte interphases (SEI). Electrolyte design is a critical strategy for addressing these challenges. Throughout the evolution of batteries, advancements in electrolyte design and electrode materials have progressed in tandem. The unique mechanisms of alloy-type anodes also require the development of a compatible electrolyte system. Therefore, it is both urgent and essential to tailor specifically electrolytes for alloy-type anodes. Herein, we systematically analyze the failure mechanisms of alloy-type anodes, focuses on the design principles of electrolyte salts, solvents, and additives, summarizes the applications of ionic liquids and solid electrolytes, and emphasizes the critical role of modulating the solvation structure. We hope this review will assist researchers in a deeper exploration of the similarities among various alloy-type anodes, ultimately, tailoring a proprietary electrolyte system for alloy-type anodes.