A comprehensive review of the manufacturing process and properties of natural hydraulic limes

IF 3.4 3区工程技术 Q2 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2025-05-12 DOI:10.1617/s11527-025-02656-3

Anna Arizzi, Clara Parra-Fernández

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Within the sub-group of hydraulic limes, natural hydraulic limes (NHL) are obtained by calcining limestone containing silica and alumina at temperatures of less than 1250 °C. The content of hydraulic phases generated at these temperatures depends on the raw material, the firing and cooling conditions inside the kiln, and the slaking method, giving rise to natural hydraulic limes with different hydraulic features. Despite these differences, the European standards classify NHL limes above all based on their free lime content and the compressive strength of the mortar after 28 days of curing. This means that there are natural hydraulic limes on the market today which despite having the same index number (NHL2, NHL3.5 or NHL5) have very different compositional and textural characteristics. The variations in the limes can in turn lead to mortars with different properties in both the fresh and hardened states. Although the standard establishes ranges for the compressive strength values for the different index numbers, these ranges overlap, so giving rise to ambiguities in the classification of these limes. This review paper aims to extend our knowledge as to how different aspects of the manufacturing process of NHLs influence their final properties, with the ultimate objective of achieving a more rigorous classification of these limes. If hydraulic limes with more precisely controlled compositional and textural characteristics were available on the market, this would have a positive impact, especially on architectural heritage conservation, as more suitable, more clearly defined and more compatible hydraulic mortars would be available to restorers.

查看原文本刊更多论文

综述了天然水工石灰的制备工艺及性能

在水力石灰亚组中，天然水力石灰（NHL）是通过在低于1250℃的温度下煅烧含有二氧化硅和氧化铝的石灰石而获得的。在这些温度下产生的水力相的含量取决于原料、窑内烧制和冷却条件以及熟化方式，从而产生具有不同水力特征的天然水力石灰。尽管存在这些差异，但欧洲标准根据其游离石灰含量和养护28天后砂浆的抗压强度对NHL石灰进行了分类。这意味着今天市场上有天然的液压石灰，尽管具有相同的指数（NHL2, NHL3.5或NHL5），但成分和质地特征却大不相同。石灰的变化反过来又会导致砂浆在新鲜和硬化状态下具有不同的特性。虽然标准规定了不同指数的抗压强度值的范围，但这些范围重叠，因此在这些石灰的分类中产生了歧义。这篇综述论文旨在扩展我们的知识，了解nhl制造过程的不同方面如何影响其最终特性，最终目标是对这些石灰进行更严格的分类。如果市场上有更精确控制成分和纹理特征的液压石灰，这将产生积极的影响，特别是对建筑遗产保护，因为修复者将可以获得更合适、更明确定义和更兼容的液压砂浆。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Materials and Structures 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

6.40

自引率

7.90%

发文量

222

审稿时长

5.9 months

期刊介绍： Materials and Structures, the flagship publication of the International Union of Laboratories and Experts in Construction Materials, Systems and Structures (RILEM), provides a unique international and interdisciplinary forum for new research findings on the performance of construction materials. A leader in cutting-edge research, the journal is dedicated to the publication of high quality papers examining the fundamental properties of building materials, their characterization and processing techniques, modeling, standardization of test methods, and the application of research results in building and civil engineering. Materials and Structures also publishes comprehensive reports prepared by the RILEM’s technical committees.