Frontiers in nanoparticles redefining enzyme immobilization: a review addressing challenges, innovations, and unlocking sustainable future potentials

IF 4.7 Q2 NANOSCIENCE & NANOTECHNOLOGY
Heidi M. Abdel-Mageed
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Abstract

Nanoparticles (NPs) are redefining enzyme immobilization, offering a paradigm shift in biocatalysis through precision engineering at the nanoscale. With their exceptional surface area, tunable porosity, and customizable functionalities, NPs provide unprecedented control over enzyme stability, activity, and adaptability, bridging the gap between molecular-scale interactions and industrial-scale applications. In the era of intelligent bioprocessing, how can NP-based immobilization strategies be optimized to drive the next frontier of sustainable and high-performance enzyme technologies? A deep understanding of NP structural diversity, interfacial chemistry, and enzyme-matrix interactions is crucial to unlocking their full potential. This review systematically explores emerging NP-based immobilization platforms, including cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), nanoflowers, nanofibers, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene oxide (GO), ionic liquids (ILs), and layered double hydroxides (LDHs), each offering tailored advantages for catalytic enhancement and process efficiency. The review outlines current advancements such as 3D printing and wearable biosensors, forecasts the integration of artificial intelligence and smart nano-biocatalysts, and envisions futuristic applications including bio-intelligent nano/micro-robotic systems and space biosensors. Challenges, such as upscaling limitations, nanotoxicity concerns, and environmental risks, are addressed to ensure safe and viable implementation. This review provides a structured roadmap on (I) enzyme immobilization advances using next-generation NPs, (II) challenges in scalability and safety, (III) sustainability benefits of enzyme-based industrial biocatalysis, and (IV) the emergence of intelligence, adaptability, and nanoscale precision immobilization technologies and AI-assisted design and optimization. These visionary approaches mark a paradigm shift toward dynamic, adaptive, and highly specialized, multifunctional nano-enzyme systems.

Graphical Abstract

纳米颗粒重新定义酶固定化的前沿:解决挑战,创新和解锁可持续未来潜力的综述
纳米颗粒(NPs)正在重新定义酶固定化,通过纳米尺度的精密工程为生物催化提供了范式转变。凭借其独特的表面积、可调节的孔隙度和可定制的功能,NPs对酶的稳定性、活性和适应性提供了前所未有的控制,弥合了分子尺度相互作用和工业规模应用之间的差距。在智能生物处理时代,如何优化基于np的固定化策略,以推动可持续和高性能酶技术的下一个前沿?深入了解NP结构多样性、界面化学和酶-基质相互作用对于释放它们的全部潜力至关重要。本综述系统地探讨了新兴的基于纳米颗粒的固定化平台,包括交联酶聚集体(CLEAs)、共价有机框架(COFs)、纳米花、纳米纤维、碳纳米管(CNTs)、氧化石墨烯(GO)、离子液体(ILs)和层状双氢氧化物(LDHs),每种平台都为催化增强和工艺效率提供了独特的优势。该综述概述了当前的进展,如3D打印和可穿戴生物传感器,预测了人工智能和智能纳米生物催化剂的集成,并展望了未来的应用,包括生物智能纳米/微型机器人系统和空间生物传感器。解决了升级限制、纳米毒性问题和环境风险等挑战,以确保安全可行的实施。本综述提供了以下方面的结构化路线图:(I)使用下一代np的酶固定进展,(II)可扩展性和安全性方面的挑战,(III)基于酶的工业生物催化的可持续性效益,以及(IV)智能,适应性和纳米级精密固定技术的出现以及人工智能辅助设计和优化。这些有远见的方法标志着向动态、自适应、高度专业化、多功能纳米酶系统的范式转变。图形抽象
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Micro and Nano Systems Letters
Micro and Nano Systems Letters Engineering-Biomedical Engineering
CiteScore
10.60
自引率
5.60%
发文量
16
审稿时长
13 weeks
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