Measles-mumps-rubella booster and post-COVID-19 immunity: A retrospective cohort study

IF 4.5 3区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

Vaccine Pub Date : 2025-05-12 DOI:10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127232

Ladislav Štěpánek , Marie Nakládalová , Alena Boriková , Dagmar Horáková , Lubomír Štěpánek , Renata Večeřová , Pavel Sauer

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

The potential cross-protective effect of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is debated. Although immunological studies suggest cross-reactivity between MMR-induced immunity and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), epidemiological evidence remains inconclusive. This study examined the association between an additional MMR dose and both COVID-19 clinical and serological outcomes in an adult cohort with verified pre-pandemic measles immunity.

Methods

In 2019, prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, 3027 healthcare workers from a Czech university hospital underwent measles serology testing. Seronegative individuals were offered a single additional MMR dose. Between 2020 and 2021, 261 individuals from the original sample subsequently contracted COVID-19 and underwent post-infection SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) serology testing, having remained unvaccinated against COVID-19 until that time.

Results

Among 212 women and 49 men (mean age: 42.7 years), 150 were measles-seropositive (without additional vaccination) and 111 were measles-seronegative but received an additional MMR dose. Following COVID-19, 216 participants (82.8 %) exhibited SARS-CoV-2 IgG seropositivity. No significant relationship was observed between measles immunity or MMR vaccine administration and COVID-19 clinical characteristics. However, individuals who received an additional MMR dose were significantly more likely to develop SARS-CoV-2 IgG seropositivity (88.3 % vs. 78.7 %; p = 0.042). Regression analysis confirmed additional MMR vaccination as an independent predictor of post-COVID-19 seropositivity (odds ratio 1.81, 95 % confidence interval 1.17–2.81, p = 0.008), irrespective of the interval between MMR vaccination and COVID-19 symptom onset. No correlation was found between pre-pandemic measles antibody titers and SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels (r = 0.09, p = 0.246).

Conclusion

While no protective effect of adult MMR vaccination on COVID-19 clinical outcomes was observed, a significant immunological interaction was identified. These findings align with the concept of trained immunity and warrant further investigation.

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麻疹-腮腺炎-风疹增强剂和covid -19后免疫：一项回顾性队列研究

麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹（MMR）疫苗接种对2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的潜在交叉保护作用一直存在争议。尽管免疫学研究表明mmr诱导的免疫与严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2 （SARS-CoV-2）之间存在交叉反应性，但流行病学证据仍不确定。本研究在已证实具有大流行前麻疹免疫的成年队列中研究了额外MMR剂量与COVID-19临床和血清学结果之间的关系。方法2019年，在COVID-19大流行之前，捷克一家大学医院的3027名医护人员接受了麻疹血清学检测。血清阴性个体被给予单次额外的MMR剂量。在2020年至2021年期间，原始样本中的261人随后感染了COVID-19，并在感染后接受了SARS-CoV-2免疫球蛋白G （IgG）血清学检测，直到那时仍未接种COVID-19疫苗。结果在212名女性和49名男性（平均年龄：42.7岁）中，150名麻疹血清阳性（未额外接种），111名麻疹血清阴性但接受了额外的MMR剂量。在COVID-19之后，216名参与者（82.8%）表现出SARS-CoV-2 IgG血清阳性。麻疹免疫或MMR疫苗接种与COVID-19临床特征无显著关系。然而，接受额外MMR剂量的个体更有可能出现SARS-CoV-2 IgG血清阳性(88.3% vs. 78.7%；p = 0.042)。回归分析证实，额外接种MMR疫苗是COVID-19后血清阳性的独立预测因子（优势比1.81,95%置信区间1.17-2.81,p = 0.008），与接种MMR疫苗与COVID-19症状发作之间的间隔无关。大流行前麻疹抗体滴度与SARS-CoV-2抗体水平无相关性（r = 0.09, p = 0.246）。结论成人MMR疫苗接种对COVID-19临床结局无保护作用，但存在显著的免疫相互作用。这些发现与训练有素的免疫概念一致，值得进一步调查。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Vaccine 医学-免疫学

CiteScore

8.70

自引率

5.50%

发文量

992

审稿时长

131 days

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