Integrated energy microgrid bi-level game scheduling optimization taking into account electricity-heat-hydrogen enriched compressed natural gas coupling and shared energy storage

Abstract

Hydrogen-enriched compressed natural gas (HCNG) is a promising technology capable of significantly reducing carbon emissions in conventional gas units. Its integration into microgrids enhances the coupling and complementarity of diverse energy sources. Shared energy storage systems, which play a crucial role in improving energy utilization, have garnered increasing attention in recent research. However, the deployment of HCNG technology involves multiple stakeholders, posing challenges in balancing their respective benefits. To address this, we propose a novel scheduling method for Integrated Energy Management that accounts for electricity-heat-HCNG coupling and shared energy storage services. First, we model the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer and HCNG energy coupling device, incorporating HCNG loads on the demand side to enhance hydrogen production and utilization efficiency. Additionally, tiered carbon trading mechanisms, integrated demand response strategies, and shared energy storage are introduced to optimize carbon reduction on both the demand and storage sides while effectively constraining energy emissions. The strategic interactions between integrated energy microgrid operators and load aggregators are modeled using a Stackelberg game approach, and the existence and uniqueness of equilibrium solutions are rigorously proven. Finally, the proposed model is solved using the Black-winged Kite algorithm in conjunction with the CPLEX solver.Case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, showing revenue increases of 9.15% for integrated energy microgrid operators and 8.29% for load aggregators, alongside a reduction in carbon emissions by 8.76%.