The role of nanoparticles in combustion improvement: Performance and emission analysis of a DI diesel engine fuelled with water-in-biodiesel emulsions enhanced by mono and hybrid nanoparticles

IF 6.1 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126755

Mhadi A. Ismael , Izz Rasyad Silmyi , Waqad Ul Mulk , Mohammed El-Adawy , A. Rashid A. Aziz , M.Elamen Babiker , Medhat A. Nemitallah

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Abstract

The growing demand for cleaner and more efficient diesel engine operation has driven interest in alternative fuels and advanced additives. This study investigates the effects of incorporating mono and hybrid metal oxide nanoparticles aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃) and manganese oxide (Mn₂O₃) into a biodiesel blend (B10) and its water-emulsified form (B10W5) to enhance combustion performance, thermal efficiency, and emissions in a single-cylinder direct injection (DI) diesel engine under full-load conditions. Nanoparticles were dispersed into the fuel blends via ultrasonication, and their impacts on key engine parameters were experimentally evaluated. Al₂O₃ significantly increased the peak heat release rate (HRR) by 145 %, while Mn₂O₃ delayed ignition but enhanced post-ignition energy release. The hybrid Al₂O₃-Mn₂O₃ combination advanced ignition timing and increased peak in-cylinder pressure by 2.6–3 % compared to B10. The B10Al₂O₃-Mn₂O₃ blend with water achieved the highest indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) of 12.2 bar, along with a 34.4 % increase in HRR, a 54.5 % rise in cumulative heat release, and 27.8 % faster combustion. It also recorded the highest indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) of 48.4 %, significantly outperforming B10. Both Al₂O₃ and Mn₂O₃ effectively reduced hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions, though they slightly increased nitrogen oxides (NO_x) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) levels. B10Al₂O₃ increased NO_x emissions by 6.25 %, while B10Mn₂O₃, B10Al₂O₃-Mn₂O₃/B10W5, and B10W5Al₂O₃-Mn₂O₃ reduced NO_x by 7.21 %, 15.87 %, and 27.88 %, respectively. Overall, the findings demonstrate that integrating nanoparticles and water emulsification in biodiesel blends offers a promising strategy to enhance engine performance, boost thermal efficiency, and reduce emissions in diesel engines.

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纳米颗粒在改善燃烧中的作用：用单纳米颗粒和混合纳米颗粒增强的生物柴油水乳液作为燃料的直驱柴油发动机的性能和排放分析

对更清洁、更高效的柴油发动机的需求不断增长，推动了人们对替代燃料和先进添加剂的兴趣。本研究研究了将单一和混合金属氧化物纳米颗粒氧化铝（Al2O3）和氧化锰（Mn2O3）加入生物柴油混合物（B10）及其水乳化形式（B10W5）中，对提高单缸直喷（DI）柴油机满负荷工况下的燃烧性能、热效率和排放的影响。通过超声波将纳米颗粒分散到混合燃料中，并对其对发动机关键参数的影响进行了实验研究。Al2O3显著提高了峰值热释放率（HRR） 145%，而Mn2O3延缓了点火，但增强了点火后的能量释放。与B10相比，Al2O3-Mn2O3混合材料提前了点火时间，缸内峰值压力提高了2.6 - 3%。与水混合的B10Al2O3-Mn2O3达到了最高的平均有效压力（IMEP） 12.2 bar，同时HRR增加34.4%，累积放热增加54.5%，燃烧速度加快27.8%。它还记录了最高的指示热效率（ITE），为48.4%，显著优于B10。Al2O3和Mn2O3都有效地减少了碳氢化合物（HC）和一氧化碳（CO）的排放，尽管它们略微增加了氮氧化物（NOx）和二氧化碳（CO2）的水平。B10Al2O3使NOx排放量增加了6.25%，而B10Mn2O3、B10Al2O3- mn2o3 /B10W5和B10W5Al2O3-Mn2O3分别减少了7.21%、15.87%和27.88%的NOx排放量。总的来说，研究结果表明，将纳米颗粒和水乳化技术整合到生物柴油混合物中，为提高发动机性能、提高热效率和减少排放提供了一种很有前景的策略。

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来源期刊

Applied Thermal Engineering 工程技术-工程：机械

CiteScore

11.30

自引率

15.60%

发文量

1474

审稿时长

57 days

期刊介绍： Applied Thermal Engineering disseminates novel research related to the design, development and demonstration of components, devices, equipment, technologies and systems involving thermal processes for the production, storage, utilization and conservation of energy, with a focus on engineering application. The journal publishes high-quality and high-impact Original Research Articles, Review Articles, Short Communications and Letters to the Editor on cutting-edge innovations in research, and recent advances or issues of interest to the thermal engineering community.