Low-frequency ultrasound-enabled synthesis of Ag/TiO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposites for efficient visible-light-driven photocatalysis

IF 3.9 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: B Pub Date : 2025-05-12 DOI:10.1016/j.mseb.2025.118408

S.K. Sheik Moideen Thaha , M. Pushpa Hasini , Resmy R Nair , P. Sathish Kumar , K. Jeyajothi , L. Muruganandam , C. Rajasekaran , Nagaraj Basavegowda

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Abstract

The low-frequency (40 kHz) ultrasound-assisted sonochemical approach (LFUS) was adopted to prepare plasmonic Ag metallic nanoparticles tethered at the p-n heterojunction (g-C₃N₄/TiO₂) to harvest the maximum portion of visible light from solar irradiation. The g-C₃N₄ composites was prepared via the thermal condensation of TiO₂ and plasmonic Ag nanoparticles (NPs) by LFUS for comparison. The formation of p-n heterojunction and plasmonic NPs with interatomic layer distances of 0.34 and 0.31 nm for TiO₂ and g-C₃N₄ was confirmed by TEM analysis. XPS analysis confirmed the existence of metallic Ag and reduced Ti³⁺ states, indicative of p-n junction formation and strong interfacial interactions with g-C₃N₄. The photocatalytic efficiency of the ternary and binary nanocomposites was evaluated using the model pollutant methylene blue (MB). A pathway of degradation was suggested based on the transformed product analysis (HRMS/QTof/MS) which revealed up to 12 major intermediates during the photocatalytic process. Finally, a plausible degradation mechanism was proposed for the comprehensive understanding of the photocatalytic process.

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高效可见光驱动光催化的Ag/TiO2/g-C3N4纳米复合材料的低频超声合成

采用低频（40 kHz）超声辅助声化学方法（LFUS）制备了系在p-n异质结（g-C3N4/TiO2）上的等离子体银金属纳米颗粒，以获取太阳辐照的最大可见光。通过LFUS将TiO2和等离子体Ag纳米粒子（NPs）热缩合制备g-C3N4复合材料进行比较。TEM分析证实TiO2和g-C3N4形成了p-n异质结和原子间层距离分别为0.34和0.31 nm的等离子体NPs。XPS分析证实了金属Ag和还原Ti3+态的存在，表明p-n结的形成以及与g-C3N4的强界面相互作用。以亚甲基蓝（MB）为模型污染物，评价了三元和二元纳米复合材料的光催化效率。基于转化产物分析（HRMS/QTof/MS），揭示了光催化过程中多达12种主要中间体的降解途径。最后，提出了一种合理的降解机制，以全面了解光催化过程。

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来源期刊

Materials Science and Engineering: B 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

5.60

自引率

2.80%

发文量

481

审稿时长

3.5 months

期刊介绍： The journal provides an international medium for the publication of theoretical and experimental studies and reviews related to the electronic, electrochemical, ionic, magnetic, optical, and biosensing properties of solid state materials in bulk, thin film and particulate forms. Papers dealing with synthesis, processing, characterization, structure, physical properties and computational aspects of nano-crystalline, crystalline, amorphous and glassy forms of ceramics, semiconductors, layered insertion compounds, low-dimensional compounds and systems, fast-ion conductors, polymers and dielectrics are viewed as suitable for publication. Articles focused on nano-structured aspects of these advanced solid-state materials will also be considered suitable.