Toxic effects of anionic polyacrylamide on the developmental stages of Oryzias melastigma embryos and larvae

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Toxicology Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI:10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107402

Xinya Zhao , Jiangwei Zan , Zhaohui Sun , Xiangping Xue , Hai Ren , Huiru Fu , Fei Si , Xiaomin Jin

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Abstract

Anionic Polyacrylamide (APAM) is widely used in oil extraction processes, serving as an oil-repellent polymer and constituting a critical component of water-based drilling fluids. The environmental and ecological effects of APAM on fishery resources have attracted significant attention, yet its toxic mechanism in marine fish at early developmental stages remains poorly understood. The potential effects of APAM on marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) embryos were investigated by exposing them to 0, 120, 240, 480, and 960 mg/L for 18 d. APAM exposure caused developmental toxicity in embryos, leading to reduced heart rates, delayed and decreased hatching, increased mortality and malformations. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) initially increased after 2 d of exposure but decreased after 8 and 18 days of prolonged stress, while malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration increased, causing lipid peroxidation and worsening oxidative damage. After 18 days of APAM exposure, low and medium concentrations increased the expression of cardiovascular genes GATA4 and NKX2.5, while high concentrations decreased NKX2.5, leading to heart defects like elongated hearts and pericardial cysts. Additionally, low concentrations significantly boosted nervous system genes SHHA and SYN2A, enhancing swimming behaviors, whereas high concentrations suppressed these genes, reducing swimming activity. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that APAM exposure causes developmental toxicity, oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, and disrupts early cardiac development in O. melastigma embryos, providing insight into its toxic effects on early marine fish development.

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阴离子聚丙烯酰胺对褪黑米蛾胚胎和幼虫发育阶段的毒性影响

阴离子聚丙烯酰胺（APAM）作为一种拒油聚合物，是水基钻井液的重要组成部分，广泛应用于石油开采过程。APAM对渔业资源的环境和生态影响已引起广泛关注，但其对海洋鱼类早期发育阶段的毒性机制尚不清楚。研究了APAM对海洋medaka （Oryzias melastigma）胚胎的潜在影响，将其暴露于0、120、240、480和960 mg/L的浓度下18 d。APAM暴露会导致胚胎发育毒性，导致心率降低、孵化延迟和减少、死亡率增加和畸形。处理2 d后超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性开始升高，8 d和18 d后活性下降，同时丙二醛（MDA）浓度升高，导致脂质过氧化，氧化损伤加重。APAM暴露18 d后，低、中浓度使心血管基因GATA4和NKX2.5表达增加，高浓度使NKX2.5表达降低，导致心脏延长、心包囊肿等心脏缺陷。此外，低浓度显著提高了神经系统基因SHHA和SYN2A，增强了游泳行为，而高浓度抑制了这些基因，降低了游泳活动。总之，本研究表明，APAM暴露会导致O. melastigma胚胎的发育毒性、氧化应激、神经毒性，并破坏早期心脏发育，从而深入了解其对早期海洋鱼类发育的毒性作用。

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来源期刊

Aquatic Toxicology 环境科学-毒理学

CiteScore

7.10

自引率

4.40%

发文量

250

审稿时长

56 days

期刊介绍： Aquatic Toxicology publishes significant contributions that increase the understanding of the impact of harmful substances (including natural and synthetic chemicals) on aquatic organisms and ecosystems. Aquatic Toxicology considers both laboratory and field studies with a focus on marine/ freshwater environments. We strive to attract high quality original scientific papers, critical reviews and expert opinion papers in the following areas: Effects of harmful substances on molecular, cellular, sub-organismal, organismal, population, community, and ecosystem level; Toxic Mechanisms; Genetic disturbances, transgenerational effects, behavioral and adaptive responses; Impacts of harmful substances on structure, function of and services provided by aquatic ecosystems; Mixture toxicity assessment; Statistical approaches to predict exposure to and hazards of contaminants The journal also considers manuscripts in other areas, such as the development of innovative concepts, approaches, and methodologies, which promote the wider application of toxicological datasets to the protection of aquatic environments and inform ecological risk assessments and decision making by relevant authorities.