Green synthesis of α-MoO3 nanorods using Tridax procumbens leaf extract for photodegradation and antimicrobial applications against cationic tri-pigments

Abstract

In this study, an eco-friendly synthesis route was developed for the fabrication of α-MoO₃ nanorods using Tridax procumbens leaf extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent in a divergent medium. The phytochemicals present in the extract played a crucial role in directing the nanorod formation while eliminating the need for hazardous chemicals. Structural, morphological, and optical properties of the synthesized nanorods were thoroughly examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The results confirmed the formation of orthorhombic phase α-MoO₃ with a band gap energy of 2.58 eV and a distinct nanorod morphology. The antimicrobial potential of the synthesized α-MoO₃ nanorods was evaluated against Aspergillus flavus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli, showing notable inhibitory effects. Additionally, photocatalytic studies under UV–Vis light revealed efficient degradation of cationic dyes, including Methylene Blue (MB), Brilliant Green (BG), and Rhodamine B (RhB). The enhanced photocatalytic activity is attributed to the reduced band gap and increased surface area of the nanorods. Overall, the green-synthesized α-MoO₃ nanorods demonstrate promising applications in wastewater treatment and antimicrobial processes, offering a sustainable solution for environmental remediation.