Dual-patterned programming of photoactive dynamically cross-linked polyester enabling customizable shape-shifting pathways

Abstract

For shape-shifting polymeric materials, the structure of material plays a critical role in determining shape-shifting pathways. However, homogenous structure is often insufficient to meet the programming demands of materials in complex external stimuli fields. In this work, a photoactive cross-linked network was constructed using coumarin-end-capped brush macromolecules, with the introduction of carbon nanofibers enabling efficient photothermal and electrothermal conversion. The dual-patterned programming of this system diversified responsive behaviors of the materials by introducing UV radiation and a shielding layer. Furthermore, the evolution of photo-crosslinking under UV irradiation was monitored in situ via rheological testing, and the temperature distribution within the materials was simultaneously detected in situ. This work presents a practical strategy for dual-patterned programming, enabling the design of shape-shifting pathways of materials under complex stimuli fields.