Effectiveness of different types of exercise based-interventions in sarcopenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q3 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY

Geriatric Nursing Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2025.04.019

José Luis Ceballos Sánchez , Daniel Gallardo-Gómez , Rosa M. Alfonso-Rosa , Borja del Pozo Cruz , Javier Ramos-Munell , Jesús del Pozo-Cruz

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Sarcopenia is one of the most prevalent and disabling health conditions in older adults associated with muscle mass loss and a reduced ability to perform daily-living activities. Although evidence supports the use of exercise interventions to reduce the impact of sarcopenia, the most effective type of physical exercise remains unknown. The objectives of this review were (1) to determine the effectiveness of physical exercise at overall and type-specific levels on the physical performance and muscular strength of older adults with sarcopenia, and (2) to detect potential effect modifiers such as age and sex.

Methods

Three databases (i.e., PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus) were used to conduct the searches. We included randomised controlled trials where exercise-based interventions were applied to participants aged 65 and over diagnosed with sarcopenia using the EWGSOP2 or AWGSOP2 criteria. Bayesian meta-analyses were performed to pool the evidence using standardised mean changes from baseline [SCFB] for physical performance and mean changes from baseline for muscle strength as effect measures. The risk of bias was assessed using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool.

Results

Evidence from 28 studies (2582 participants) showed that physical exercise was effective to improve the physical performance (SCFB = 0.21; 95 % CrI 0.08 to 0.33) and muscular strength (Kg grip strength gain = 2.50; 95 % CrI 0.32 to 4.63) of older adults with sarcopenia. Resistance-based interventions presented a meaningful treatment effect on physical performance (SCFB = 0.23; 95 % CrI 0.10 to 0.36). Age and sex modified the effects of physical exercise on both outcomes.

Conclusions

This meta-analysis supported the use of physical exercise to improve the physical performance and muscular strength of people with sarcopenia. Resistance-based interventions were the most effective type of activities in both outcomes. Physical exercise effects may vary between males and females older adults. These findings should inform policymakers and healthcare providers in developing more targeted and efficient physical exercise programs (resistance based interventions) to enhance functional independence and reduce the risk of falls in older adults with sarcopenia.

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不同类型运动干预对肌肉减少症的有效性：一项系统综述和荟萃分析

骨骼肌减少症是老年人中最普遍和致残性的健康状况之一，与肌肉质量减少和日常生活活动能力下降有关。尽管有证据支持使用运动干预来减少肌肉减少症的影响，但最有效的体育锻炼类型仍然未知。本综述的目的是：(1)确定整体和特定类型水平的体育锻炼对患有肌肉减少症的老年人的身体表现和肌肉力量的有效性，(2)检测潜在的影响调节因素，如年龄和性别。方法采用PubMed、Web of Science、Scopus 3个数据库进行检索。我们纳入了随机对照试验，其中以运动为基础的干预措施应用于年龄在65岁及以上，根据EWGSOP2或AWGSOP2标准诊断为肌肉减少症的参与者。使用体能表现的标准化平均基线变化（SCFB）和肌肉力量的基线平均变化作为效果测量，进行贝叶斯荟萃分析以汇集证据。使用修订后的Cochrane风险偏倚工具评估偏倚风险。结果28项研究（2582名参与者）的证据表明，体育锻炼可以有效改善身体机能(SCFB = 0.21；95% CrI 0.08 ~ 0.33)和肌肉力量(Kg握力增益= 2.50；95%的CrI（0.32 - 4.63）。基于阻力的干预措施对身体表现有显著的治疗效果(SCFB = 0.23；95% CrI 0.10 ~ 0.36)。年龄和性别改变了体育锻炼对两种结果的影响。结论：这项荟萃分析支持使用体育锻炼来改善肌肉减少症患者的身体表现和肌肉力量。在两种结果中，基于耐药性的干预措施是最有效的活动类型。体育锻炼的效果在男性和女性老年人之间可能有所不同。这些发现应该为决策者和医疗保健提供者提供信息，以制定更有针对性和更有效的体育锻炼计划（基于阻力的干预），以增强功能独立性，降低老年肌肉减少症患者跌倒的风险。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Geriatric Nursing 医学-护理

CiteScore

3.80

自引率

7.40%

发文量

257

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： Geriatric Nursing is a comprehensive source for clinical information and management advice relating to the care of older adults. The journal''s peer-reviewed articles report the latest developments in the management of acute and chronic disorders and provide practical advice on care of older adults across the long term continuum. Geriatric Nursing addresses current issues related to drugs, advance directives, staff development and management, legal issues, client and caregiver education, infection control, and other topics. The journal is written specifically for nurses and nurse practitioners who work with older adults in any care setting.