Deep eutectic solvent-based molecularly imprinted polymer for the selective adsorption of emtricitabine in contaminated water

IF 2.2 4区化学 Q2 Engineering

Chemical Papers Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI:10.1007/s11696-025-03985-x

Keamohetse Asmiralda Makgoana, Alex Tawanda Kuvarega, Kutloano Edward Sekhosana, Lawrence Mzukisi Madikizela

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Abstract

In this study, an eco-friendly deep eutectic solvent-based molecularly imprinted polymer (DES-MIP) was synthesized for the selective adsorption of emtricitabine in aqueous solutions. The molecularly imprinted polymer was synthesized via a bulk polymerization reaction using emtricitabine, deep eutectic solvent, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,1'-azobis-(cyclo-hexanecarbonitrile), ethanol–water (9:1 v/v) as a template, functional monomer, crosslinker, initiator and porogenic solvent, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography equipped with a diode array detector was used to quantify emtricitabine after adsorption. The adsorption of emtricitabine obeyed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, which is associated with the chemisorption process. This was observed through the regression coefficient (R²), which exceeded 0.99 for DES-MIP. Langmuir isotherm fitted the experimental data best with an excellent R² value of 0.99 for DES-MIP, thus indicating monolayer adsorption occurring on homogeneous binding sites. The maximum adsorption capacity was 4.649 mg g⁻¹ for DES-MIP. Furthermore, DES-MIP had high selectivity for emtricitabine with an extraction efficiency of 80% and a distribution coefficient of 1.59 mg g⁻¹ in the presence of competing compounds. This was attributed to the presence of selective binding sites on the surface of the imprinted polymer. Therefore, the present study showed that the synthesized DES-based MIP has great potential for use in the selective adsorption of emtricitabine from water systems.

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深共晶溶剂基分子印迹聚合物对污染水中恩曲他滨的选择性吸附

本研究合成了一种环保型深共晶溶剂基分子印迹聚合物（DES-MIP），用于选择性吸附恩曲他滨。以恩曲他滨、深度共晶溶剂、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、1,1′-偶氮-（环己腈）、乙醇-水（9:1 v/v）为模板剂、功能单体、交联剂、引发剂和致孔溶剂，通过体聚反应合成了分子印迹聚合物。采用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器对吸附后的恩曲他滨进行定量分析。恩曲他滨的吸附符合准二级动力学模型，该模型与化学吸附过程有关。这是通过回归系数（R2）观察到的，DES-MIP的回归系数超过0.99。Langmuir等温线最符合实验数据，DES-MIP的R2值为0.99，表明单层吸附发生在均匀结合位点上。DES-MIP的最大吸附量为4.649 mg g−1。此外，DES-MIP对恩曲他滨具有较高的选择性，在竞争化合物存在下，萃取效率为80%，分配系数为1.59 mg g−1。这是由于印迹聚合物表面存在选择性结合位点。因此，本研究表明，合成的基于des的MIP在水系统中选择性吸附恩曲他滨方面具有很大的应用潜力。

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来源期刊

Chemical Papers Chemical Engineering-General Chemical Engineering

CiteScore

3.30

自引率

4.50%

发文量

590

期刊介绍： Chemical Papers is a peer-reviewed, international journal devoted to basic and applied chemical research. It has a broad scope covering the chemical sciences, but favors interdisciplinary research and studies that bring chemistry together with other disciplines.