{"title":"Homogeneous biopolymer films based on polybutylene adipate terephthalate for packaging applications","authors":"Angkana Kralin, Anchasa Kamjaikittikul, Pisuth Lertvilai, Weekit Sirisaksoontorn, Tongsai Jamnongkan","doi":"10.1007/s10853-025-10891-w","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recently, newly created bio-based plastics have been developed as an alternative solution to address the problem of large amounts of plastic waste in the environment. In this study, bioplastic films were prepared from polybutylene adipate-<i>co</i>-terephthalate (PBAT), polylactic acid (PLA), and their blends using a blown film extrusion process. The effects on the samples were investigated for dosages of PLA and a compatibilizing agent (trade name: MBAX) on the melt flowability, surface morphology, mechanical properties, thermal behavior, chemical structure, and residue overall migration. Based on the results, the addition and the concentration of the compatibilizer effectively decreased the melt flowability of the PBAT/PLA compounds. In addition, the interfacial adhesion between the plasticized PBAT domain and the PLA matrix was enhanced by having a smooth surface. Based on the results of FTIR, there were no chemical reactions between the PBAT and PLA molecules, or with the compatibilizer within the blended films. The plasticized PLA/PBAT blown film prepared utilizing a blown film extrusion process had improved mechanical and thermal resistance. Furthermore, the addition of compatibilizer considerably increased the crystallinity of the PLA composites filaments up to approximately 160% compared with the neat PBAT film. The residue overall migration results for the neat PBAT and PLA films were within the regulated levels set by the European Food Safety Authority, suggesting that the developed products were appropriate for use in food packaging. On the other hand, the composite films at a ratio of PBAT-to-PLA-to-CaCO<sub>3</sub>-to-MBAX of 70:30:10:1 had residue overall migration greater than 10 mg dm<sup>−2</sup>, exceeding the regulations for food packing which was probably due to the CaCO<sub>3</sub>, with its hydrophilicity, dissolving within the blended films and reacting with the acetic acid in the food simulated solutions to produce calcium acetate, leading to migration into the food simulants. The main conclusion was that the PBAT/PLA blends, especially those containing 30%PLA, showed great potential to replace petroleum-based plastics and were suitable for film packaging applications.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\n<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":645,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science","volume":"60 17","pages":"7410 - 7427"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Materials Science","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10853-025-10891-w","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Recently, newly created bio-based plastics have been developed as an alternative solution to address the problem of large amounts of plastic waste in the environment. In this study, bioplastic films were prepared from polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT), polylactic acid (PLA), and their blends using a blown film extrusion process. The effects on the samples were investigated for dosages of PLA and a compatibilizing agent (trade name: MBAX) on the melt flowability, surface morphology, mechanical properties, thermal behavior, chemical structure, and residue overall migration. Based on the results, the addition and the concentration of the compatibilizer effectively decreased the melt flowability of the PBAT/PLA compounds. In addition, the interfacial adhesion between the plasticized PBAT domain and the PLA matrix was enhanced by having a smooth surface. Based on the results of FTIR, there were no chemical reactions between the PBAT and PLA molecules, or with the compatibilizer within the blended films. The plasticized PLA/PBAT blown film prepared utilizing a blown film extrusion process had improved mechanical and thermal resistance. Furthermore, the addition of compatibilizer considerably increased the crystallinity of the PLA composites filaments up to approximately 160% compared with the neat PBAT film. The residue overall migration results for the neat PBAT and PLA films were within the regulated levels set by the European Food Safety Authority, suggesting that the developed products were appropriate for use in food packaging. On the other hand, the composite films at a ratio of PBAT-to-PLA-to-CaCO3-to-MBAX of 70:30:10:1 had residue overall migration greater than 10 mg dm−2, exceeding the regulations for food packing which was probably due to the CaCO3, with its hydrophilicity, dissolving within the blended films and reacting with the acetic acid in the food simulated solutions to produce calcium acetate, leading to migration into the food simulants. The main conclusion was that the PBAT/PLA blends, especially those containing 30%PLA, showed great potential to replace petroleum-based plastics and were suitable for film packaging applications.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Materials Science publishes reviews, full-length papers, and short Communications recording original research results on, or techniques for studying the relationship between structure, properties, and uses of materials. The subjects are seen from international and interdisciplinary perspectives covering areas including metals, ceramics, glasses, polymers, electrical materials, composite materials, fibers, nanostructured materials, nanocomposites, and biological and biomedical materials. The Journal of Materials Science is now firmly established as the leading source of primary communication for scientists investigating the structure and properties of all engineering materials.
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