A systematic literature review on the pyrolysis of plastic waste and waste oil for fuel production: Targeted waste management solution for central Java, Indonesia

Abstract

Central Java, Indonesia, faces significant challenges in managing plastic waste and waste oil. Pyrolysis presents a promising solution; however, comparative studies of strategies and technical challenges are still lacking. This study employs a systematic literature review (SLR) to critically analyze and compare peer-reviewed research on the pyrolysis of plastic and waste oil for fuel production. A literature search was conducted using the Scopus database with the Watase UAKE tool, yielding 96 relevant studies. The review categorizes research into five key areas. Findings indicate that the liquid fuel yield obtained from the waste oil pyrolysis is still lower than plastic oil pyrolysis. Based on cylinder pressure analysis, waste oil pyrolysis produces fuel oil closer to the diesel fuel as compared to the fuel obtained from plastic. In combustion, both fuels increased brake-specific fuel consumption and emissions. Co-pyrolysis of waste oil and plastic has been shown to increase fuel yield and alkane content. The results suggest that co-pyrolysis offers an optimal waste management solution for Central Java, yielding higher fuel output (84 %) and lower metal impurities. The study highlights the environmental and energy-sector impacts of pyrolysis fuels and underscores the necessity of a techno-economic analysis to evaluate commercial viability. The research gap includes limited analysis of fuel gas by-products and the lack of detailed economic and environmental assessments of co-pyrolysis. Additionally, artificial intelligence (AI) presents new opportunities to optimize parameters and improve efficiency.