Molecular underpinning of heavy metal sequestration through advanced remediation strategies in higher plants

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI:10.1016/j.stress.2025.100881

Himani Agarwal , Divya Chaudhary , Himanshi Aggarwal , Chhavi Karala , Niharika Purkait , Neha Sharma , Arti Mishra , Vaibhav Mishra , Ajay Kumar , PrashantKumar Singh , Laurent Dufossé , NaveenChandra Joshi

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Abstract

Anthropogenic emissions, particularly from industrial and agriculture activities, have significantly elevated the concentrations of highly toxic Heavy Metals (HMs), such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As), in the soil, leading to their accumulation in plants. These HMs, when exceeding toxicity thresholds (e.g., Pb >10 mg/kg, Cd >0.5 mg/kg, As >1 mg/kg), disrupt the plant physiology and metabolism. To mitigate this toxicity, plants employ diverse detoxification and sequestration strategies, including mycorrhizal associations, root exudates, cellular compartmentalization, and the production of organic acids, phytochelatins, metallothioneins, proline, stress proteins, and plant hormones. This review aims to critically examine the molecular mechanisms by which key crop plants, such as rice, wheat, maize, and other higher plants, sequester these primary heavy metal contaminants. Additionally, it highlights the role of nanotechnology in enhancing plant resistance and facilitating nano-bioremediation under HMs stress conditions. This review provides valuable insights into innovative clean-up strategies for agriculturally important crops by exploring nanoparticle -mediated remediation mechanisms.

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高等植物重金属螯合修复策略的分子基础

人为排放，特别是来自工业和农业活动的排放，大大提高了土壤中铅（Pb）、镉（Cd）和砷（as）等剧毒重金属（HMs）的浓度，导致它们在植物中积累。当这些有毒物质超过毒性阈值（例如，Pb和Cd分别为10mg /kg、0.5 mg/kg和1mg /kg）时，会破坏植物的生理和代谢。为了减轻这种毒性，植物采用多种解毒和隔离策略，包括菌根结合、根分泌物、细胞区隔化以及有机酸、植物螯合素、金属硫蛋白、脯氨酸、胁迫蛋白和植物激素的产生。本文综述了水稻、小麦、玉米等主要作物对这些重金属污染物的分子隔离机制。此外，它还强调了纳米技术在增强植物抗性和促进HMs胁迫条件下的纳米生物修复中的作用。本综述通过探索纳米颗粒介导的修复机制，为农业重要作物的创新清洁策略提供了有价值的见解。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Plant Stress PLANT SCIENCES-

CiteScore

5.20

自引率

8.00%

发文量

审稿时长

63 days

期刊介绍： The journal Plant Stress deals with plant (or other photoautotrophs, such as algae, cyanobacteria and lichens) responses to abiotic and biotic stress factors that can result in limited growth and productivity. Such responses can be analyzed and described at a physiological, biochemical and molecular level. Experimental approaches/technologies aiming to improve growth and productivity with a potential for downstream validation under stress conditions will also be considered. Both fundamental and applied research manuscripts are welcome, provided that clear mechanistic hypotheses are made and descriptive approaches are avoided. In addition, high-quality review articles will also be considered, provided they follow a critical approach and stimulate thought for future research avenues. Plant Stress welcomes high-quality manuscripts related (but not limited) to interactions between plants and: Lack of water (drought) and excess (flooding), Salinity stress, Elevated temperature and/or low temperature (chilling and freezing), Hypoxia and/or anoxia, Mineral nutrient excess and/or deficiency, Heavy metals and/or metalloids, Plant priming (chemical, biological, physiological, nanomaterial, biostimulant) approaches for improved stress protection, Viral, phytoplasma, bacterial and fungal plant-pathogen interactions. The journal welcomes basic and applied research articles, as well as review articles and short communications. All submitted manuscripts will be subject to a thorough peer-reviewing process.