Monitoring of disturbances in the ionospheric layer as a result of solar flares on 31 Aug 2024 using IIOS station data

Abstract

The increasing electron density in the ionosphere at the D layer resulting from solar flare X‑rays, is likely to affect the propagation of very low frequency in both magnitudes and variations. The present study analyzes the observed events recorded by the Iraqi Ionospheric Observation Station IISO conducted on the 31st August, 2024 at Thi Qar University. The results show a match coincident with other observatories such as HWU and DHO and a high match with the X‑ray data detected by the GOES-16 satellite. The analysis focuses on three isolated incidents resulting from solar flares of class M and C, where sudden ionospheric disturbances appearing in the amplitude spike belong to classes M1.2, C9 and M1.8. The study and observation using the IISO, are compared with the French station, were signals are received from transmitters HWU, DHO and TTB, as well as GOES satellite data and appear to match these stations. It is found that the TBB signal shows no events well, despite its proximity to the receiver. In general, the obtained results indicate to a noise in the signal coming from several reasons including electromagnetic interference, weather, atmospheric conditions, problems with equipment, transmitter malfunctions at the TBB station, incompatibility, the need to reset transmitters, or solar disturbances such as solar storms and different reception angles, as well as physical obstacles and repeated reflections, which induce noise.