Enhanced mechanical properties and microstructure of Incoloy 825 components fabricated using pulsed cold metal transfer in wire arc additive manufacturing

IF 2.5 4区材料科学 Q2 METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING

Welding in the World Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI:10.1007/s40194-025-02004-7

Prasanna Nagasai Bellamkonda, Maheshwar Dwivedy

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Abstract

To address the challenges of heat input in wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), this study employed the pulsed cold metal transfer (PCMT) technique to fabricate Incoloy 825 (IN825) components. PCMT, characterized by controlled droplet transfer and reduced heat input, enhanced mechanical performance and microstructural quality. Comprehensive analyses, including microstructural examination, X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and element mapping, were performed. Titanium and molybdenum-rich secondary particles were identified through EDS. The mechanical properties of PCMT-fabricated components were compared with both wrought IN825 and those produced by gas metal arc additive manufacturing (GMAAM). Results demonstrated that PCMT components, particularly those fabricated at a 45° orientation, achieved approximately 113% of the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and 131% of the elongation compared to wrought IN825. This marked a significant improvement over GMAAM-fabricated components. The reduced heat input and enhanced cooling rates in the PCMT process contributed to finer microstructures and superior mechanical properties. Fractography studies revealed that PCMT components exhibited ductile fractures with significant plastic deformation and some brittle regions. These findings underscored the advantages of PCMT in producing high-performance IN825 components compared to traditional GMAAM.

Graphical Abstract

Abstract Image

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电弧增材制造中脉冲冷金属转移制备的incoly 825部件的力学性能和显微组织

为了解决电弧增材制造（WAAM）中热输入的挑战，本研究采用脉冲冷金属转移（PCMT）技术制造IN825 （IN825）部件。PCMT的特点是控制液滴传递，减少热输入，提高机械性能和显微组织质量。综合分析，包括微观结构检查，x射线衍射，能量色散x射线光谱（EDS）和元素映射。通过能谱分析鉴定了富钛和富钼二次粒子。比较了锻造IN825和气体金属电弧增材制造（GMAAM）制备的pcmt构件的力学性能。结果表明，与变形IN825相比，PCMT组件，特别是那些以45°取向制造的组件，获得了大约113%的极限抗拉强度（UTS）和131%的延伸率。这标志着gmaam制造组件的显著改进。在PCMT过程中，减少的热量输入和提高的冷却速度有助于更精细的组织和优越的机械性能。断口学研究表明，PCMT构件具有明显塑性变形和部分脆性区域的韧性断裂。这些发现强调了PCMT与传统GMAAM相比在生产高性能IN825组件方面的优势。图形抽象

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来源期刊

Welding in the World METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING-

CiteScore

4.20

自引率

14.30%

发文量

181

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： The journal Welding in the World publishes authoritative papers on every aspect of materials joining, including welding, brazing, soldering, cutting, thermal spraying and allied joining and fabrication techniques.