Flow Rate Estimation Based on Magnetic Particle Detection Using a Miniatured High-Sensitivity OPM

IF 5.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI:10.1109/TIM.2025.3565069

Ying Liu;Binyue Huang;Jiajie Li;Renjie Li;Yueyang Zhai

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The efficacy of magnetic particles (MPs) in cancer treatments prompts the investigation into MP detection methods. However, due to their microsize, MPs produce weak magnetic field signals that necessitate highly sensitive measurements to extract useful information. In this study, we introduce a technique for detecting individual MPs using a compact optically pumped magnetometer (OPM). A noninvasive and radiation-free flow rate estimation method based on the OPM is further proposed, demonstrating its clinical potential. A miniaturized dual-beam spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) OPM is fabricated for the system, achieving a remarkable sensitivity of 8.6 fT/Hz

${}^{\text {1/2}}$

in a compact volume of 7.7 cm3. The magnetometer accurately measures the dynamic magnetic fields, enabling the detection of translational and rotational motions of MPs in fluid flow. The particle rotation frequencies are extracted from magnetometer responses using the continuous wavelet transform (CWT), revealing a positive correlation between the flow rate and rotation frequency. Besides, CWT effectively mitigates the cardiac magnetic interference that may arise during in vivo measurements, showcasing its high applicability in processing MP signals. Finally, 90.2% of the flow rates are correctly predicted by a regression tree trained with mean and standard deviation as predictors. Overall, this highly sensitive system facilitates noninvasive and rapid flow estimation, validating promising potential for biomedical research and clinical practice.

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基于小型高灵敏度OPM的磁颗粒检测流量估计

磁性粒子在癌症治疗中的作用促使人们对磁性粒子检测方法进行研究。然而，由于它们的微小尺寸，MPs产生微弱的磁场信号，需要高灵敏度的测量来提取有用的信息。在这项研究中，我们介绍了一种使用紧凑型光泵磁力仪（OPM）检测单个MPs的技术。进一步提出了一种基于OPM的无创无辐射血流速率估计方法，显示了其临床应用潜力。为该系统制作了一个小型化的双光束自旋交换无松弛（SERF） OPM，在7.7 cm3的紧凑体积内实现了8.6 fT/Hz ${}^{\text{1/2}}$的灵敏度。磁强计精确测量动态磁场，能够检测流体流动中MPs的平移和旋转运动。利用连续小波变换（CWT）从磁力计响应中提取粒子的旋转频率，发现流速与旋转频率呈正相关。此外，CWT有效减轻了体内测量过程中可能出现的心磁干扰，显示了其在MP信号处理中的高适用性。最后，用均值和标准差作为预测因子训练的回归树正确预测了90.2%的流量。总的来说，这种高度敏感的系统促进了无创和快速的流量评估，验证了生物医学研究和临床实践的潜力。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 工程技术-工程：电子与电气

CiteScore

9.00

自引率

23.20%

发文量

1294

审稿时长

3.9 months

期刊介绍： Papers are sought that address innovative solutions to the development and use of electrical and electronic instruments and equipment to measure, monitor and/or record physical phenomena for the purpose of advancing measurement science, methods, functionality and applications. The scope of these papers may encompass: (1) theory, methodology, and practice of measurement; (2) design, development and evaluation of instrumentation and measurement systems and components used in generating, acquiring, conditioning and processing signals; (3) analysis, representation, display, and preservation of the information obtained from a set of measurements; and (4) scientific and technical support to establishment and maintenance of technical standards in the field of Instrumentation and Measurement.