The physiological restorative effects in changing air temperature among various landscape composition of green spaces during summer: Empirical evidence from Chongqing, China

IF 7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Ecological Indicators Pub Date : 2025-05-09 DOI:10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113537

Jingeng Huo , Hongqiao Qin , Dan Hong , Jiaqi Niu , Haoyan Wu , Xuelin Wei , Guifeng Han , Jie Yan , Zhiyong Liu

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Abstract

As vital infrastructures, green spaces provide important places for outdoor activities and social interactions for urban residents. Previous studies have shown that visiting green spaces significantly enhances physiological restorative effect (PRE) on human health. However, when exposed to outdoor environments in hot summer, are there significant differences in various landscape effects and PRE among various green spaces as air temperature (T_a) increases? This study quantified PRE by measuring heart rate, blood oxygen, systolic and diastolic blood pressure in three types of green spaces selected in Chongqing during summer. Mixed effects and hierarchical multiple regression were analyzed for 13 landscape indicators and PRE under 2 °C changes in T_a. The results showed that PRE diminished overall as T_a increased. A robust PRE was observed at 26–32 °C, and recovery abilities of four physiological health indicators began to decrease when T_a exceeded 32 °C. The impacts of landscape indicators on PRE were significantly adjusted by T_a, with under branch height and number of plant species being important driving forces. Based on these findings, a PRE calendar was developed, suggesting that square spaces are suitable for visit during the morning and evening, while tree-covered and waterfront spaces are preferable at other times. These findings can provide valuable insights for urban planners to improve the design and management of green spaces, thereby guiding visitors’ activity behavior and site selection to enhance overall comfort when visiting green spaces.

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夏季气温变化对绿地不同景观组成的生理恢复效应——来自重庆的经验证据

绿地作为重要的基础设施，为城市居民提供了户外活动和社会交往的重要场所。已有研究表明，游览绿地可显著增强人体的生理恢复效应（PRE）。然而，当暴露在炎热的夏季室外环境中时，随着气温（Ta）的升高，不同绿地之间的各种景观效果和PRE是否存在显著差异？本研究通过测量重庆市夏季三种绿地的心率、血氧、收缩压和舒张压来量化PRE。在2°C变化条件下，分析了13个景观指标和PRE的混合效应和层次多元回归。结果表明，随着Ta的增加，PRE整体减少。在26 ~ 32℃时，PRE表现强劲，当Ta超过32℃时，4项生理健康指标的恢复能力开始下降。景观指标对PRE的影响受Ta的显著调节，其中枝下高度和植物种类数是重要驱动力。基于这些发现，PRE日历被开发出来，建议广场空间适合在早上和晚上参观，而树木覆盖和海滨空间在其他时间更可取。这些研究结果可以为城市规划者提供有价值的见解，以改进绿地的设计和管理，从而指导游客的活动行为和选址，提高游客在参观绿地时的整体舒适度。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Ecological Indicators 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

11.80

自引率

8.70%

发文量

1163

审稿时长

78 days

期刊介绍： The ultimate aim of Ecological Indicators is to integrate the monitoring and assessment of ecological and environmental indicators with management practices. The journal provides a forum for the discussion of the applied scientific development and review of traditional indicator approaches as well as for theoretical, modelling and quantitative applications such as index development. Research into the following areas will be published. • All aspects of ecological and environmental indicators and indices. • New indicators, and new approaches and methods for indicator development, testing and use. • Development and modelling of indices, e.g. application of indicator suites across multiple scales and resources. • Analysis and research of resource, system- and scale-specific indicators. • Methods for integration of social and other valuation metrics for the production of scientifically rigorous and politically-relevant assessments using indicator-based monitoring and assessment programs. • How research indicators can be transformed into direct application for management purposes. • Broader assessment objectives and methods, e.g. biodiversity, biological integrity, and sustainability, through the use of indicators. • Resource-specific indicators such as landscape, agroecosystems, forests, wetlands, etc.